1. Down Syndrome: Genes, Model Systems, and Progress towards Pharmacotherapies and Clinical Trials for Cognitive Deficits
Cytogenet Genome Res 2013;141: DOI: /
Fig. 1. Numbers of genes within HSA21 and orthologous mouse (MMU) chromosomal regions. RefSeqP = Protein-coding genes curated in the Reference Sequence Database (NCBI). Total numbers of protein-coding, RNA and novel genes are provided for human and mouse genomic regions. The number of conserved protein-coding genes is shown below each chromosome [Sturgeon and Gardiner, 2011]. AA = Amino acid; ORF = open reading frame.
© 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel

2. Down Syndrome: Genes, Model Systems, and Progress towards Pharmacotherapies and Clinical Trials for Cognitive Deficits
Cytogenet Genome Res 2013;141: DOI: /
Fig. 2. Down syndrome mouse models and HSA21 genes discussed in the text. A schematic of the long arm of HSA21, the Tc1 transchromosomal mouse and segmental trisomy mouse models are shown. The locations of single genes discussed in functional studies or as single gene transgenic mice are indicated. Numbers in parentheses indicate the number of conserved protein-coding genes within each segmental trisomy. Grey circles in the Tc1 chromosome indicate deleted regions. The striped segment in the Ts65Dn chromosome indicates the presence of a centromeric region of mouse chromosome 17 that is non-orthologous to HSA21. * = Genes discussed in Schupf et al. [2010]. See text for references.
© 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel