1. From: Improved Ease of Use Designs for Rapid Heart Cooling
Date of download: 12/24/2017
Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved.
From: Improved Ease of Use Designs for Rapid Heart Cooling
J. Med. Devices. 2012;6(3): doi: /
Figure Legend:
Schematic of the autoperfusion design. The wing-shaped lumens (1, 2) are for coolant flow. The circular lumen (3) is for blood flow and intervention. Blood enters the shaft autoperfusion holes and exits the distal tip. The distance between these holes and the distal tip is called the blood cooling length, Lbc. A typical guide catheter only has a single central lumen.

2. From: Improved Ease of Use Designs for Rapid Heart Cooling
Date of download: 12/24/2017
Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved.
From: Improved Ease of Use Designs for Rapid Heart Cooling
J. Med. Devices. 2012;6(3): doi: /
Figure Legend:
Schematic of the external cooling design concept showing the blood circulation path. Blood is pulled from the body using an insertion sheath and pump. Blood is returned to the body using a commercially available guide catheter. A data acquisition system monitors and controls operation.

3. From: Improved Ease of Use Designs for Rapid Heart Cooling
Date of download: 12/24/2017
Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved.
From: Improved Ease of Use Designs for Rapid Heart Cooling
J. Med. Devices. 2012;6(3): doi: /
Figure Legend:
CoolGuide™ heat transfer processes. Three processes (Q1, Q4, and Q5) exchange heat from the aorta blood to either coolant or internal blood flow and two processes (Q2 and Q3) exchange heat from the internal blood flow to coolant flow. The net cooling effect results from Q2 and Q3 exceeding Q5. This is the heat transfer process in the section of the catheter with internal blood flow. Upstream of this section, where blood is stagnant, Q2 and Q3 are altered to reflect the no-flow physics.

4. From: Improved Ease of Use Designs for Rapid Heart Cooling
Date of download: 12/24/2017
Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved.
From: Improved Ease of Use Designs for Rapid Heart Cooling
J. Med. Devices. 2012;6(3): doi: /
Figure Legend:
Autoperfusion catheter cooling capacity as a function of blood cooling length (distance from autoperfusion holes to distal tip) and differential pressure. The optimal cooling capacity location varies between 20 and 45 cm depending upon the differential pressure.

5. From: Improved Ease of Use Designs for Rapid Heart Cooling
Date of download: 12/24/2017
Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved.
From: Improved Ease of Use Designs for Rapid Heart Cooling
J. Med. Devices. 2012;6(3): doi: /
Figure Legend:
The blood pathway showing heat exchanger segments (1–6) and temperatures. Note the direction of increasing temperature. Segment 1 involves cooling in the annular flow of the insertion sheath. Segment 5 involves heating inside the catheter as it lies inside the insertion sheath. Blood enters at approximately 37 °C and is cooled to a minimum temperature of approximately 16 °C. The final temperature difference, ΔT, is approximately 9 °C.

6. From: Improved Ease of Use Designs for Rapid Heart Cooling
Date of download: 12/24/2017
Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved.
From: Improved Ease of Use Designs for Rapid Heart Cooling
J. Med. Devices. 2012;6(3): doi: /
Figure Legend:
Predicted external cooling design performance with four different sized heat exchangers. Lengths 2.5, 2.0, 1.5, and 1.0 m indicate the length of tubing inside the external heat exchanger shell. Model assumes an 11 °C coolant inlet temperature.

7. From: Improved Ease of Use Designs for Rapid Heart Cooling
Date of download: 12/24/2017
Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved.
From: Improved Ease of Use Designs for Rapid Heart Cooling
J. Med. Devices. 2012;6(3): doi: /
Figure Legend:
Schematic of the mock cardiovascular system showing autoperfusion catheter distal tip detail. The autoperfusion catheter was placed in this configuration to ensure that only the fluid traveling through the catheter exited. Pressure differences were measured between the autoperfusion holes in the aorta and the catheter distal tip.

8. From: Improved Ease of Use Designs for Rapid Heart Cooling
Date of download: 12/24/2017
Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved.
From: Improved Ease of Use Designs for Rapid Heart Cooling
J. Med. Devices. 2012;6(3): doi: /
Figure Legend:
Autoperfusion blood analog flow rate as a function of differential pressure. Autoperfusion holes are located at 30 cm from the catheter distal tip. Error bars denote standard deviation from three data sets. This linear relationship reveals that entrance effects from the autoperfusion holes and developing boundary layers do not dominate the overall pressure drop behavior. Instead, wall friction along the blood cooling pathway (Lbc) is the dominant cause of pressure drop.

9. From: Improved Ease of Use Designs for Rapid Heart Cooling
Date of download: 12/24/2017
Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved.
From: Improved Ease of Use Designs for Rapid Heart Cooling
J. Med. Devices. 2012;6(3): doi: /
Figure Legend:
Autoperfusion cooling capacity as a function of analog flow rate and coolant flow rate with autoperfusion holes centered at 30 cm. All cooling capacity values fall below the target value of 20 W. The error bars denote standard deviation from three data sets.

10. From: Improved Ease of Use Designs for Rapid Heart Cooling
Date of download: 12/24/2017
Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved.
From: Improved Ease of Use Designs for Rapid Heart Cooling
J. Med. Devices. 2012;6(3): doi: /
Figure Legend:
External cooling design cooling capacity and exit temperature performance as a function of analog flow rate using a 7 Fr guide catheter. The EHX tubing length was 2.0 m; the EHX inlet coolant temperature was 11 °C. Error bars denote standard deviation from three data sets.