1. Workshop A2: Non-response Challenges in GPS Surveys

2. Our Main Objectives In-depth discussion on non-response in GPS surveys
Focused on methods and data collection
Discussed barriers faced and strategies for improving non-response

3. Current Methods Used in Conducting GPS Surveys
Sub-sample of the primary travel survey
Most are regional
Opt In / Opt Out
Most are person-based using hand-held units
Paper diary / travel log completed
Many include a prompted recall
Length of surveyed time varies
Use of incentives is mixed
Respondents are typically at least 14 years old
Validation of diary data

4. Identification of Non-Responding Groups
Low education
Low income
Elderly
Low mobility
Low technology
Immigrants
Disabled or individuals in poor health

5. Issues and Barriers to Participation
Funding for testing and developing methods
Conducting GPS surveys using traditional travel survey methodology
Current multiple contact and recruitment stages have a negative impact on response rates

6. Issues and Barriers to Participation
Characteristics of the equipment - life of GPS unit – need to be charged by respondents
Privacy issues
Fear of liability/losing the equipment
Traditional barriers to participation

7. Strategies and Ideas Quantify burden
Use GPS as an alternative to the travel survey or use the travel survey as an alternative to GPS
Equipment that is familiar to people
Equipment that provides incentives to people

8. Research Examine the interrelationships across non-response groups
Clarify the reasons for non-response
Develop best methods for recruitment
Human factors
Non-response effect on travel estimates
Consider design elements that induce response (e.g. incentives)

9. Conclusions More research is needed
Educate the public and decision-makers