1. Chapter 19 “The Vietnam War"

2. Ch. 19.1 Notes “The War Develops”
Ch Warm-up
Write down three things you already know about the Vietnam War

3. A. Colonial Vietnam 1800s - French controlled
1920’s –Ho Chi Minh learns communist theory
1940’s - World War II - Japanese invaded

4. B. After World War II
After WWII – Japanese gone - Vietminh claim independence
France regains control
Eisenhower’s “domino theory”
leads to U.S. involvement
French loss Dien Bien Phu
Geneva Conference divides Vietnam
Communist North
Non-communist South

5. C. Growing Conflict Ngo Dinh Diem mistreated his people
ruled the South
mistreated his people
Communists in North
send supplies to rebels in south
rebels known as “Vietcong”

6. D. Increasing U.S. Involvement
Eisenhower/Kennedy
send military advisers and special forces to South
Americans killed
South close to falling
Johnson needs Congress’s support
Congress approves Tonkin Gulf Resolution
gave Johnson authority to send more troops

7. Ch. 19.2 Notes “U.S. Support of the War”
Ch Warm-up
Describe three important steps toward U.S. involvement in the Vietnam conflict

8. A. The Air War 1965 - Johnson ordered Operation Rolling Thunder.
Heavy bombing of the North.
U.S. planes used Agent Orange and Napalm to clear jungle.
The NVA used the Ho Chi Minh Trail to supply the Vietcong in the South.

9. B. The Ground War
U.S. troops were commanded by General William Westmoreland.
U.S. soldiers launched search-and-destroy missions as part of their “pacification” policy.

10. C. U.S. Forces Mobilize
2.5 million Americans served, many of them through the draft.
Most were from low income families which led to resentment.
10,000 women also served in the war.

11. D. Public Opinion Shifts
Television coverage made it the first “living room war”.
Doves and Hawks both criticized the war as part of a large anti-war movement.
Students for a Democratic Society led national anti-war demonstrations.

12. Ch. 19.3 Notes “1968: A Turning Point”
Ch Warm-up
Describe three methods the U.S. used for fighting the North Vietnamese

13. A. The Tet Offensive
1968 – The Tet Offensive was a series of massive Vietcong attacks.
12 U.S. bases and over 100 cities.

14. B. Effects of the Tet Offensive
Walter Cronkite, anchor of CBS Evening News, changed his mind and public opinion.
Americans did not believe U.S. was winning the war.
1968 Johnson began to seek a peace agreement and announced that he would not run for re-election.

15. C. The Election of 1968
Anti-war protesters swarmed the Democratic National Convention.
Chicago police and the National Guard were used to maintain order.
The protests revealed a “generation gap” between young and old.
With the Democrats divided, Nixon won.

16. Ch. 19.4 Notes “The War Ends” Ch. 19.4 Warm-up
Describe three ways Americans on the home front reacted to the Vietnam War

17. A. Widening the War
Henry Kissinger, began secret peace talks as part of “Vietnamization”.
Nixon believed he had the backing of the “silent majority”.
Nixon also secretly expanded the war with bombing raids in Cambodia and Vietnam.

18. B. Increasing Protests
Kent State University - four students were shot by the National Guard.
Two more were killed at Jackson State College.
People on hundreds of college campuses went on strike.
Information about the “My Lai Massacre” increased protests.
Release of the “Pentagon Papers” revealed the government had lied.

19. C. End of U.S. Involvement
The 26th Amendment lowered the voting age from 21 to 18.
Kissinger announced “Peace is at hand” - Nixon won reelection.
1973 – a peace deal was signed.

20. D. The Legacy of Vietnam 1975 - North Vietnam conquered South Vietnam.
Over 1.5 million Vietnamese killed.
Over 58,000 Americans were killed.
The war caused many Americans to mistrust their government.
1973 – the War Powers Act limited the president’s ability to make war.