1. BLOOD TRANSFUSION An overview

2. The Principle Aims of Blood Transfusion are to
-- -.
Improve oxygen carrying capacity of blood.
Symptomatic improvement.
Reduce hypovolaemia

3. III- Blood Administration IV- Adverse effects
I- Safety
II- Blood Components
III- Blood Administration
IV- Adverse effects

4. I-Safety. Blood donor selection A donor should be:
Unpaid volunteer donors
Self exclusion
Personal interview
Medical examination
Frequency of donation policy
Deferral policy
Age at donation
Post donation notification

5. Conditions that may disqualify a blood donor: (Temporal or permanent)
Carriage of transmissible disease (eg. HIV).
Recent vaccination (eg. Yellow fever),
Ear piercing, tattooing,……
Allergic subjects.
.received blood transfusion or/and tissue grafts,
Drugs intake,
Coagulation factor(s) deficiency, or abnormal bleeding.
Donors with minor RBC abnormality( Sickle cell trait).

6. Blood testing Haemoglobin level . Serological tests:
ABO typing and RhD.
Irregular red cell antibody screening.
Mandatory microbiological tests for HBsAg, anti-HIV 1 and 2, anti-HCV, and syphilis antibodies

7. II- Blood Components
Whole Blood.
Red cell: concentrated, filtrated, washed, frozen, leukocyte reduced.
Plasmapheresis: blood bank plasma, fresh frozen plasma, cryoprecipitate, immunoglobulins, coagulation factors.
Leukapheresis:
Platelets concentrate.

8. Autologous blood transfusion
Donate blood for your own use only.
With no risks of incompatibility, alloimmunization, immunosupression, and transmission of infection, mistakes in identification, circulatory overload.

9. Use of blood in special situations
Intrauterine transfusions are given either
-percutaneous umbilical route (immediate correction) or
-intraperitoneal adminstration (slowly absorbed through lymphatics).
Exchange transfusion.
Neonates mainly to prevent kernicterus due to hyperbilirubinaemia.
Partial exchange transfusion aimed at lowering haematocrit in treatment of hyperviscosity.
Management of SCA.

10. III- Administration of blood and blood products
“I felt as if life were infused into my body”
Narrated by Dr. J. Blundell, 1829

11. IV- Adverse effects (blood transfusion reactions)
Hemolytic transfusion reactions:
-immediate intravascular, Delayed extravascular hemolysis.
Plasma Component Reaction.
WBCs Antibodies Reactions
Pyrogenic Reactions.
Bacterial Reactions.
Cardiovascular Reactions.
Embolic Reactions.
Citrate Toxicity.

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