1. Cell Cycle (Main Idea)
Cells grow until they reach their size limit, then they either stop growing or divide.
The cell cycle is a set of stages.
Body cells are also called somatic cells and they reproduce with mitosis.

2. All eukaryotic cells store genetic information in chromosomes
Human body cells have 46 chromosomes or 23 identical pairs

3. Write this on the back at the bottom of your notes.
Chromosomes:
Each chromosome is composed of a single, tightly coiled DNA molecule.
Chromosomes can’t be seen when cells aren’t dividing and are called chromatin.

4. Duplicated chromosomes are called chromatids & are held together by the centromere.

5. Phases of the Cell Cycle
Interphase
Mitosis
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
Cytokinesis

6. Phases of the Cell Cycle
Interphase (has 3 parts): Cell spends the most of its life in interphase!
G1- primary growth phase (cells increase in size)
S – synthesis; DNA replicated
G2 – the cell continues to grow in size and prepare for mitosis.
Mitosis (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase)
Cytokinesis

7. Mitosis Mitosis - Nuclear Division Prophase Metaphase Anaphase
Telophase

8. Prophase
Chromosomes become visible.
Nuclear membrane breaks down.
Centrioles and spindle fibers appear.

9. Metaphase
Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.
Spindle fibers attach to the centromere of the chromosomes.

10. Anaphase
Duplicated chromosomes separate.
Spindle fibers pull chromosomes away from each other.
Cytoplasm division begins.

11. Telophase
Two new identical daughter cells are formed.
Chromosomes begin to uncoil and become less visible.
Cytoplasm division occurring (Furrowing in animal cells; Formation of cell plate in plant cells).

12. Cytokinesis
The cytoplasm divides resulting in 2 new identical daughter cells.
Each new cell has identical nuclei.
Different in plant and animal cells.
Plant cells, cell plate reaches the cell wall.
Animal cells, Furrowing completes and cell pinches off into two new cells.

13. Label your Cell Cycle Diagram

17. Name the 2 main phases of the cell cycle.
2. Name three things that can form during the cell cycle.
1. Interphase and Mitosis 2. Cell grows, DNA Replicates, Mitosis (nuclear division)

18. 3. In what PHASE do most cells spend the majority of their lifetime. 4
3. In what PHASE do most cells spend the majority of their lifetime? 4. Name the 3 stages in interphase.
3. Interphase 4. G1, Synthesis (DNA Replication), G2

19. 5. What does G1 stand for and what occurs in this stage. 6
5. What does G1 stand for and what occurs in this stage? 6. What does S stand for and what occurs in this stage? 7. What does G2 stand for and what occurs in this stage?
5. Cell growth – the cell grows Synthesis – DNA Replicates 7. Growth, cell preparing for mitosis

20. 8. What is another name for body cells?
In which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replicate?
During which phase are your chromosomes replicated?
8. Somatic Cells 9. Interphase Interphase

21. 11. Name the 4 stages of Mitosis in the diagram below.
3. ________
1. Anaphase 2. Prophase 3. Telophase 4. Metaphase
1. _____
2. ______
4. _________

22. 12. How many chromosomes are in a human body cell?
12. 46

23. 13. A disruption in the cell cycle can lead to. 14
13. A disruption in the cell cycle can lead to? 14. Cancer cells rob the body of what? 15. If you were to slow down mitosis (nuclear division) and you had a cut on your skin. What would happen to your healing process?
13. Cancer 14. Nutrients it would slow down because the cell is not dividing.

24. Station 9
16. During Meiosis, homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material. This exchange of genetic material ______________________.
17. Meiosis provides -
16. Increases the genetic variation chromosomal variation (genetic variation)

25. 18. Are stem cells differentiated cells or undifferentiated cells?
19. Examples of differentiated cells are:
20. Can environmental conditions affect which genes will be expressed?
18. Undifferentiated cells heart muscle, nerve cells, liver cells yes

26. 21. Which phase would a DNA mutation take place during the cell cycle
21. Which phase would a DNA mutation take place during the cell cycle Cells pass through a G2 checkpoint before entering mitosis. If DNA damage is detected the cells do NOT enter mitosis until the damage is repaired. Why is DNA damage repaired before cells enter mitosis?
21. S phase So that healthy daughter cells are produced, allowing the organism to continue growing.

27. Station 11 Which of the following include all of the others?
Interphase
Cell Cycle
Mitosis

28. Station 12
Which phase of Mitosis is taking place in the diagram below?

29. Station 13
Which phase of Mitosis is taking place in the diagram below?

30. Station 8
What is a karyotype? Chromosomes arranged in decreasing size. The first 22 are autosomes and the last set of chromosomes tell the gender.