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BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
Week 5 + 6
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Biogeochemical Cycles
15 Biogeochemical Cycles I can describe the biogeochemical cycles 3 key facts: Energy flows and is LOST as heat. Matter is REUSED and RECYCLED. 2. The way matter cycles through the earth, atmosphere, and living things is a biogeochemical cycle Exchange pools hold matter for a short time Reservoirs hold matter for a long time
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Water Cycle I can describe how water is recycled on earth
17 Water Cycle I can describe how water is recycled on earth Plants and animals need water to survive Water cycles between earth, atmosphere, and living things RUNOFF: flowing water GROUNDWATER: soaks into ground Water reservoirs: oceans, aquifers & glaciers
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3. Condensation 1. Evaporation 4. Precipitation 2. Transpiration
Water turns from liquid to gas (water vapor) Plants release water from leaves Water turns from vapor into liquid (clouds) Water falls to earth as rain or snow Some water soaks into the ground 3. Condensation 1. Evaporation 4. Precipitation 2. Transpiration 5. Infiltration
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Carbon Cycle I can describe how carbon is recycled on earth
19 Carbon Cycle I can describe how carbon is recycled on earth Air: CO2 (carbon dioxide) Earth: fossil fuels (coal, gas, oil) Plants take in CO2 to make food and release Oxygen Animals take in Oxygen and breathe out CO2 ISSUE: Humans are cutting down trees (DEFORESTATION) Less plants = more CO2 more CO2 = global warming
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#1, #2, and #3 INCREASE the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere
Burning fossil fuels Humans, animals and plants breathing Breaking down dead organisms #1, #2, and #3 INCREASE the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere Plants DECREASE CO2 by taking it in during photosynthesis and giving off OXYGEN
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Nitrogen Cycle I can describe how nitrogen is recycled on earth
21 Nitrogen Cycle I can describe how nitrogen is recycled on earth 78% of the atmosphere is UNUSABLE nitrogen (N2) Nitrogen is needed to make PROTEIN Nitrogen must be “fixed” so we can use it Bacteria and lightning fix N2 --> NITRATES (usable nitrogen) Nitrates are used in fertilizers for plant growth
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nitrogen-fixing bacteria: make USABLE nitrogen
(ex: LEGUMES) decomposition adds nitrogen back to soil denitrifying bacteria take nitrogen in soil and release it back to atmosphere ANIMALS get nitrogen by eating plants HUMANS get nitrogen by eating plants or eating animals that eat plants
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Phosphorous Cycle I can describe how phosphorous is recycled on earth
23 Phosphorous Cycle I can describe how phosphorous is recycled on earth Found in ROCKS WEATHERING (rain and wind) releases phosphates from rocks Phosphates are needed for DNA and cell growth Phosphates are used in fertilizers for plant growth ISSUE: Humans add too much fertilizer (Nitrates and phosphates) Fertilizer pollutes water!
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**MAKES PHOSPHOROUS AVAILABLE**
WEATHERING: rain and wind release phosphates from rocks **MAKES PHOSPHOROUS AVAILABLE** Mineralization: Plants absorb phosphates through roots Decomposition: adds phosphate back to soil
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