1. Enzymes

2. What type of Biomolecule are Enzymes?
Proteins!
What is the monomer for proteins?
Amino Acids!
What type of bond holds amino acids together?
Peptide!

3. Enzymes act as catalysts for reactions in the body (catalysts speed up reactions) They do this by lowering the amount of energy that is needed to start a chemical reaction (which is called activation energy)

4. Enzymes can be reused again and again because they do not change during the reactions they affect
Enzyme names end in –ase such as Lactase, Amylase
enzyme
enzyme
enzyme

5. The molecules that are going to react/change are called the substrate
They attach to the enzyme on a spot called the Active Site
Substrate
Products
Active
site
enzyme
enzyme
enzyme
enzyme

6. There are 2 theories to how substrates attach to enzymes:
1) Lock and Key: the substrate fits perfectly into the enzyme like a key into a lock

7. There are 2 theories to how substrates attach to enzymes:
2) Induced Fit: The enzyme is flexible and changes to work for the shape of the substrate

8. Inhibition
Inhibition is when an enzyme is made inactive or dysfunctional by something else. (This is used a lot in medicines)
There are two types:
Competitive inhibition –
something binds to the active
site and blocks the substrate
from binding

9. Inhibition
Inhibition is when an enzyme is made inactive or dysfunctional by something else. (This is used a lot in medicines)
There are two types:
2) Non-competitive inhibition –
something binds to a different
spot on the enzyme and makes
it change shape

10. Conditions for Enzymes
If enzymes are denatured (unfolded) due to a change in pH or temperature, their activity decreases
All enzymes have optimal conditions where they will work the best
The human body must have a consistent pH and temperature so all of our enzymes can function and our body can work.

11. Changing Concentrations
Increasing the substrate concentration will increase the speed of the reaction until all enzymes are being used (this is called the point of saturation)
Increasing the enzyme
concentration will
increase the reaction rate
again

12. Questions What are enzymes? How do enzymes affect rate of reaction?
How does a catalyst speed up a reaction?
Can an enzyme be reused?
What would happen to a reaction if the enzyme is removed?
If an inhibitor binds to an enzyme on the active site, what type of inhibitor is it?
If the substrate binds to the enzyme perfectly at the active site, what is this theory called?
If an inhibitor binds to an enzyme on a different site, what type of inhibitor is it?
If the enzyme has to change its shape to fit the substrate, what is this theory called?
If substrate concentration is saturated, can the enzyme activity increase?
If substrate concentration is saturated, what needs to be added in order for enzyme activity to increase?