1. EFFECTS OF LIGHT ON LIFE IN WATER

2. EARTH IS THE BLUE PLANET
BIOSPHERE—Sphere of life
Comprises the area of around 8-10km
above the Earth`s surface to the deepest areas of the oceans

3. BIOSPHERE
HYDROSPHERE LITOSPHERE ATMOSPHERE

4. HYDROSPHERE-EARTH`S WATER SHELL
– 71% OF EARTH`S SURFACE IS WATER
WATER ON MAINLAND
0.8%
AERATED WATER
0.001%
OCEANS AND SEAS
97.2%
ICEBERGS 2%

5. WATER ON MAINLAND
ICEBERGS
73%
RIVERS
LAKES
SPRINGS
FEN
MARSHES
FISHPONDS
0.7%
GROUNDWATER
22%

6. FOR SALINITY WATER CAN BE : SALTY-3% SALT
SEAS
OCEANS
CORAL REEFS

7. SALTY MARSHES
ESTUARIES
LAGOONS

8. SWEET -1% SALT, CALCIUM AND CARBONATE
RUNNING WATER
RIVERS
WTAREFALLS
STREAMS

9. STAGNANT
FENS
LAKES
FISHPONDS
SWAMPS

10. SUNLIGHT IS THE MAIN ENERGY SOURCE IN BIOSPHERE
LIGHT IS MADE OF WAVELENGHT SPECTRE
SPEKTRA VALNIH DUŽINA
ONLY VISIBLE PART OF SPECTRE IS IMPORTANT FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS
( nm)

11. RADIATION INTENSITY AND ITS VARIATIONS DUE TO GEOGRAPHIC WIDTH
MOST RADIATION IS ABSORBED IN THE ATMOSPHERE (OZONE)
INFRARED RADIATION HAS LITTLE ENERGY
SMALLER GEOGRAPHIC WIDTH HAS SMALLER SEASONAL CHANGES; BIGGER WIDTH HAS GREATER CHANGES

12. LIGHT FEATURES MOSTLY IMPORTANT FOR LIVING BEINGS:
INTENSITY- LIGHT ENERGY DEPENDING ON GEOGRAPHIC WIDTH
QUALITY – WAVELENGTH OF LIGHT RADIATION
DURATION – LENGTH OF THE DAY

13. WATER ABSORBS AND LETS OUT THE LIGHT
–WATER ECOSYSTEMS THE GREATEST HABITATS
TWO ZONES ACCORDING TO AVAILABLE SUNLIGHT :
PHOTIC-WITH ENOUGH LIGHT FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS
SEAS M
LAKES – 50 M
APHOTIC-NOT ENOUGH LIGHT FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS
TWILIGHT ZONE – 200 M M
DARKNESS ZONE – 1000 M – 4000 M
ABYSS ZONE – ISPOD 4000 M

14. TWO MAIN AREAS ACCORDING TO
DISTRIBUTION OF LIVING BEINGS
BENTAL – SEABED WITH SESSILE (ATTACHED) AND VAGIL (CRAWLING OR WALKING) ORGANISMS

15. PELAGIC –FREE WATER WITH ORGANISMS THAT LEVITATE (PLANKTON) OR SWIM (NEKTON)

16. LIGHT IS IMPORTANT FOR:
PHOTOSYNTHESIS= FOOD + OXYGEN
ORGANISMS` ACTIVITY-MIGRATIONS
DISTRIBUTION- LIMITATING FACTOR
BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES- ACCELERATES
REPRODUCTION AND MATURATION - FASTER
SPEED OF MOVEMENT-SLOWER IN THE DEPTHS
SPEED OF METABOLISM-GREATER OXYGEN CONSUMPTION
COLORING – FOR PROTECTION AGAINST PREDATORS
PROTECTION AGAINST PREDATORS
ORIENTATION, GLYCEROL PRODUCTION – AGAINST FREEZING, FEEDING –IMPOSSIBLE AT NIGHT

17. LIGHT IS IMPORTANT FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS = FOOD + OXYGEN
DIFFERENT PIGMENTS OF FITOHIDROFIT ABSORBS DIFFERENT LIGHT WAVELENGTH AND REFLECT DIFFERENT COLOURS

18. CORALS LIVE ONLY IN SHALLOW, WARM SEAS THAT HAVE LIGHT AND TEMPERATURE IS ABOVE 20*C
EELS AND HERRINGS MATURE AND SPAWN FASTER AND EARLIER IN SHALLOW SEAS WITH MORE LIGHT
BARRACUDAS AND TROUTS CREATE ENZYMES FOR FASTER ACTIVITY IN THE LIGHT AND DARKNESS

19. URCHINS AND SEASHELLS GROW FASTER IN SUNNY SEAS WITH MORE OXYGEN
BACTERIA LOVE LIGHT BECAUSE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND OCTOPUS HUNTS BETTER WHILE HIDDEN IN THE DARK
OYSTER AND SOLE ARE ADJUSTED TO THE SEABED WITH COLOUR AND SHAPE

20. BIOLUMINISCENCE IS IMPORTANT FOR ORGANISMS IN EUPHOTIC LAYER:
- IN RECOGNITION FOR PROCREATION
FINDING AND ATTRACTING PREY
CONFUSING ENEMY

21. TELESCOPIC EYES CAN SERVE IN SIMILAR MANNER
ALTHOUGH IT DOES NOT HAVE TO BE IN GREAT DEPTHS

22. LIGHT HAS HARMFUL EFFECT AS WELL:
- FAST VITAMIN DEGRADATION
- DRAINING OF ORGANISMS IN TIDE AREA
- MOVEMENT OF ORGANISMS TOWARDS DEPTH --- HUNT ONLY AT NIGHT
- TRANSPARENCY

23. FOR THOSE WHO WANT TO KNOW MORE …
PHOTOKINESIS – movement of organisma by light influence without specific direction .
PHOTOTAXIS – movement towards the source of light.
PHOTOPERIOD – seasonal influence of light on living beings (day and night/ seasons` change).
HOMOKROMIJA – possibility of changing colour to resemble the seabed.

24. THANK YOU FOR ATTENTION !