1. Measures Associated
with Circles
Section 3.3
Page 111

2. Definition of Circle:
A circle consists of all the points that are a given distance from a fixed point.
The fixed point is called the center of the circle.
The distance between the center and the points on the circle is called the radius of the circle. Radius is denoted by r .
Animated text zooms in, changes and zooms out
(Intermediate)
Tip: This effect can be applied to a series of names, award recipients, team members, etc.
To reproduce the first text on this slide, do the following:
On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank.
On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click Text Box, and then on the slide, drag to draw the text box.
Enter text in the text box, select the text, and then on the Home tab, in the Font group, select Franklin Gothic Heavy from the Font list, enter 56 in the Font Size list, and then click Bold.
On the Home tab, in the Paragraph group, click Center to center the text in the text box.
With the text box still selected, under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the WordArt Styles group, click the Format Text Effects: Text Box dialog box launcher. In the Format Text Effects dialog box, in the left pane, click Text Fill. In the Text Fill pane, do the following:
Select Gradient fill.
In the Type list, select Linear.
Click the button next to Direction, and then click Linear Down (first row, second option from the left).
Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear in the drop-down list.
Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear on the slider, and customize the gradient stops as follows:
Select Stop 1 on the slider, and then do the following:
In the Position box, enter 25%.
Click the button next to Color, and click More Colors. In the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 219, Green: 76 and Blue: 19.
Select Stop 2 on the slider, and then do the following:
In the Position box, enter 100%.
Click the button next to Color, and click More Colors. In the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 245, Green: 174 and Blue: 135.
On the slide, select the text box and under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the WordArt Styles group, click Text Effects, point to Shadow and then click Shadow Options.
In the Format Text Effects dialog box, in the left pane, click Shadow and do the following:
In the Presets list, under Perspective, click Below (third option on first row).
In the Color list, click Olive Green, Accent 3, darker 25% (fifth option down in sixth column).
On the Transparency slider, enter 85%.
On the Blur slider, enter 10%.
On the Angle slider, enter 90.
On the Distance slider, enter 5 pt.
To reproduce the animation effects for the first text on this slide, do the following:
On the slide, select the text box, and then on the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click the More arrow to expand the effect gallery, and under Entrance, click Zoom.
In the Timing group, do the following:
In the Start list, select With Previous.
In the Duration list, select
In the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation, and under Entrance, click Fly In.
In the Advanced Animation group, click Animation Pane. In the Animation Pane, select the second entrance effect (fly-in) and do the following:
In the Timing group, in the Start list, select With Previous.
In the Animation group, click Effect Options and under Direction, select From Top.
On the slide select the text box, and on the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation and then click More Exit Effects.
In the Add Exit Effect dialog box, under Subtle, select Contract, and then click OK.
On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Animation Pane. In the Animation Pane, select the third effect (contract exit), and in the Timing group, do the following:
In the Start list, select After Previous.
In the Duration list, select
To reproduce the second text on this slide, do the following:
On the slide, select the text box. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow next to Copy and select Duplicate.
Select the second text box, right-click, and select Edit Text. Enter new text.
To reproduce the animation effects for the second text on this slide, do the following:
In the Animation Pane, click the fourth animation effect (first entrance for second text box) and do the following:
On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click the More arrow to expand the effects gallery and then click More Entrance Effects, and then in the Change Exit Effect dialog box, under Moderate, select Expand, and then click OK.
In the Delay list, enter
In the Animation Pane, click the fifth animation effect (second entrance for the second text box) and do the following:
On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click the More arrow to expand the effects gallery and then under Exit, click Fly Out.
In the Animation group, click Effect Options and under Direction, click To Bottom.
In the Duration list, enter
In the Delay list, enter
Click Add Effect, point to Exit, and then click More Effects, and then in the Add Exit Effect dialog box, under Subtle, click Faded Zoom, and then click OK.
In the Animation Pane, click the sixth animation effect (exit for the second text box) and do the following:
On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click the More arrow to expand the effects gallery and then under Exit, click Basic Zoom.
In the Duration list, enter
To align the text on this slide, do the following:
On the slide, press and hold CTRL and select both text boxes, and then on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then under Position Objects, click Align, and do the following:
Click Align to Slide.
Click Align Middle.
Click Align Center.
To reproduce the background on this slide, do the following:
Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
In the Type list, select Radial.
Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (third option from the left).
Click the button next to Color, and click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left).
Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following:
Click the button next to Color, and click Olive Green, Accent 3, Lighter 60% (third row, seventh option from the left).

3. The line segment that connects two points on a circle and passes through the center is called a diameter of the circle.
d=2r
The circumference of a circle is the distance around the circle, that is, the length of the curved line that forms the circle. The circumference C of a circle is given by
C = 2πr
Animated text zooms in, changes and zooms out
(Intermediate)
Tip: This effect can be applied to a series of names, award recipients, team members, etc.
To reproduce the first text on this slide, do the following:
On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank.
On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click Text Box, and then on the slide, drag to draw the text box.
Enter text in the text box, select the text, and then on the Home tab, in the Font group, select Franklin Gothic Heavy from the Font list, enter 56 in the Font Size list, and then click Bold.
On the Home tab, in the Paragraph group, click Center to center the text in the text box.
With the text box still selected, under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the WordArt Styles group, click the Format Text Effects: Text Box dialog box launcher. In the Format Text Effects dialog box, in the left pane, click Text Fill. In the Text Fill pane, do the following:
Select Gradient fill.
In the Type list, select Linear.
Click the button next to Direction, and then click Linear Down (first row, second option from the left).
Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear in the drop-down list.
Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear on the slider, and customize the gradient stops as follows:
Select Stop 1 on the slider, and then do the following:
In the Position box, enter 25%.
Click the button next to Color, and click More Colors. In the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 219, Green: 76 and Blue: 19.
Select Stop 2 on the slider, and then do the following:
In the Position box, enter 100%.
Click the button next to Color, and click More Colors. In the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 245, Green: 174 and Blue: 135.
On the slide, select the text box and under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the WordArt Styles group, click Text Effects, point to Shadow and then click Shadow Options.
In the Format Text Effects dialog box, in the left pane, click Shadow and do the following:
In the Presets list, under Perspective, click Below (third option on first row).
In the Color list, click Olive Green, Accent 3, darker 25% (fifth option down in sixth column).
On the Transparency slider, enter 85%.
On the Blur slider, enter 10%.
On the Angle slider, enter 90.
On the Distance slider, enter 5 pt.
To reproduce the animation effects for the first text on this slide, do the following:
On the slide, select the text box, and then on the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click the More arrow to expand the effect gallery, and under Entrance, click Zoom.
In the Timing group, do the following:
In the Start list, select With Previous.
In the Duration list, select
In the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation, and under Entrance, click Fly In.
In the Advanced Animation group, click Animation Pane. In the Animation Pane, select the second entrance effect (fly-in) and do the following:
In the Timing group, in the Start list, select With Previous.
In the Animation group, click Effect Options and under Direction, select From Top.
On the slide select the text box, and on the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation and then click More Exit Effects.
In the Add Exit Effect dialog box, under Subtle, select Contract, and then click OK.
On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Animation Pane. In the Animation Pane, select the third effect (contract exit), and in the Timing group, do the following:
In the Start list, select After Previous.
In the Duration list, select
To reproduce the second text on this slide, do the following:
On the slide, select the text box. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow next to Copy and select Duplicate.
Select the second text box, right-click, and select Edit Text. Enter new text.
To reproduce the animation effects for the second text on this slide, do the following:
In the Animation Pane, click the fourth animation effect (first entrance for second text box) and do the following:
On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click the More arrow to expand the effects gallery and then click More Entrance Effects, and then in the Change Exit Effect dialog box, under Moderate, select Expand, and then click OK.
In the Delay list, enter
In the Animation Pane, click the fifth animation effect (second entrance for the second text box) and do the following:
On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click the More arrow to expand the effects gallery and then under Exit, click Fly Out.
In the Animation group, click Effect Options and under Direction, click To Bottom.
In the Duration list, enter
In the Delay list, enter
Click Add Effect, point to Exit, and then click More Effects, and then in the Add Exit Effect dialog box, under Subtle, click Faded Zoom, and then click OK.
In the Animation Pane, click the sixth animation effect (exit for the second text box) and do the following:
On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click the More arrow to expand the effects gallery and then under Exit, click Basic Zoom.
In the Duration list, enter
To align the text on this slide, do the following:
On the slide, press and hold CTRL and select both text boxes, and then on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then under Position Objects, click Align, and do the following:
Click Align to Slide.
Click Align Middle.
Click Align Center.
To reproduce the background on this slide, do the following:
Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
In the Type list, select Radial.
Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (third option from the left).
Click the button next to Color, and click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left).
Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following:
Click the button next to Color, and click Olive Green, Accent 3, Lighter 60% (third row, seventh option from the left).

4. How can we find out π ?
Animated text zooms in, changes and zooms out
(Intermediate)
Tip: This effect can be applied to a series of names, award recipients, team members, etc.
To reproduce the first text on this slide, do the following:
On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank.
On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click Text Box, and then on the slide, drag to draw the text box.
Enter text in the text box, select the text, and then on the Home tab, in the Font group, select Franklin Gothic Heavy from the Font list, enter 56 in the Font Size list, and then click Bold.
On the Home tab, in the Paragraph group, click Center to center the text in the text box.
With the text box still selected, under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the WordArt Styles group, click the Format Text Effects: Text Box dialog box launcher. In the Format Text Effects dialog box, in the left pane, click Text Fill. In the Text Fill pane, do the following:
Select Gradient fill.
In the Type list, select Linear.
Click the button next to Direction, and then click Linear Down (first row, second option from the left).
Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear in the drop-down list.
Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear on the slider, and customize the gradient stops as follows:
Select Stop 1 on the slider, and then do the following:
In the Position box, enter 25%.
Click the button next to Color, and click More Colors. In the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 219, Green: 76 and Blue: 19.
Select Stop 2 on the slider, and then do the following:
In the Position box, enter 100%.
Click the button next to Color, and click More Colors. In the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 245, Green: 174 and Blue: 135.
On the slide, select the text box and under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the WordArt Styles group, click Text Effects, point to Shadow and then click Shadow Options.
In the Format Text Effects dialog box, in the left pane, click Shadow and do the following:
In the Presets list, under Perspective, click Below (third option on first row).
In the Color list, click Olive Green, Accent 3, darker 25% (fifth option down in sixth column).
On the Transparency slider, enter 85%.
On the Blur slider, enter 10%.
On the Angle slider, enter 90.
On the Distance slider, enter 5 pt.
To reproduce the animation effects for the first text on this slide, do the following:
On the slide, select the text box, and then on the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click the More arrow to expand the effect gallery, and under Entrance, click Zoom.
In the Timing group, do the following:
In the Start list, select With Previous.
In the Duration list, select
In the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation, and under Entrance, click Fly In.
In the Advanced Animation group, click Animation Pane. In the Animation Pane, select the second entrance effect (fly-in) and do the following:
In the Timing group, in the Start list, select With Previous.
In the Animation group, click Effect Options and under Direction, select From Top.
On the slide select the text box, and on the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation and then click More Exit Effects.
In the Add Exit Effect dialog box, under Subtle, select Contract, and then click OK.
On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Animation Pane. In the Animation Pane, select the third effect (contract exit), and in the Timing group, do the following:
In the Start list, select After Previous.
In the Duration list, select
To reproduce the second text on this slide, do the following:
On the slide, select the text box. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow next to Copy and select Duplicate.
Select the second text box, right-click, and select Edit Text. Enter new text.
To reproduce the animation effects for the second text on this slide, do the following:
In the Animation Pane, click the fourth animation effect (first entrance for second text box) and do the following:
On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click the More arrow to expand the effects gallery and then click More Entrance Effects, and then in the Change Exit Effect dialog box, under Moderate, select Expand, and then click OK.
In the Delay list, enter
In the Animation Pane, click the fifth animation effect (second entrance for the second text box) and do the following:
On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click the More arrow to expand the effects gallery and then under Exit, click Fly Out.
In the Animation group, click Effect Options and under Direction, click To Bottom.
In the Duration list, enter
In the Delay list, enter
Click Add Effect, point to Exit, and then click More Effects, and then in the Add Exit Effect dialog box, under Subtle, click Faded Zoom, and then click OK.
In the Animation Pane, click the sixth animation effect (exit for the second text box) and do the following:
On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click the More arrow to expand the effects gallery and then under Exit, click Basic Zoom.
In the Duration list, enter
To align the text on this slide, do the following:
On the slide, press and hold CTRL and select both text boxes, and then on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then under Position Objects, click Align, and do the following:
Click Align to Slide.
Click Align Middle.
Click Align Center.
To reproduce the background on this slide, do the following:
Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
In the Type list, select Radial.
Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (third option from the left).
Click the button next to Color, and click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left).
Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following:
Click the button next to Color, and click Olive Green, Accent 3, Lighter 60% (third row, seventh option from the left).
When we divide the circumference by the diameter we get  
which is the number π (pi)

5. Chord, Tangent and Arc of a Circle:
The line segment joining any two points on a circle is called a chord of the circle.
A line that touches a circle at exactly one point is called a tangent of the circle.
Animated text zooms in, changes and zooms out
(Intermediate)
Tip: This effect can be applied to a series of names, award recipients, team members, etc.
To reproduce the first text on this slide, do the following:
On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank.
On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click Text Box, and then on the slide, drag to draw the text box.
Enter text in the text box, select the text, and then on the Home tab, in the Font group, select Franklin Gothic Heavy from the Font list, enter 56 in the Font Size list, and then click Bold.
On the Home tab, in the Paragraph group, click Center to center the text in the text box.
With the text box still selected, under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the WordArt Styles group, click the Format Text Effects: Text Box dialog box launcher. In the Format Text Effects dialog box, in the left pane, click Text Fill. In the Text Fill pane, do the following:
Select Gradient fill.
In the Type list, select Linear.
Click the button next to Direction, and then click Linear Down (first row, second option from the left).
Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear in the drop-down list.
Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear on the slider, and customize the gradient stops as follows:
Select Stop 1 on the slider, and then do the following:
In the Position box, enter 25%.
Click the button next to Color, and click More Colors. In the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 219, Green: 76 and Blue: 19.
Select Stop 2 on the slider, and then do the following:
In the Position box, enter 100%.
Click the button next to Color, and click More Colors. In the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 245, Green: 174 and Blue: 135.
On the slide, select the text box and under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the WordArt Styles group, click Text Effects, point to Shadow and then click Shadow Options.
In the Format Text Effects dialog box, in the left pane, click Shadow and do the following:
In the Presets list, under Perspective, click Below (third option on first row).
In the Color list, click Olive Green, Accent 3, darker 25% (fifth option down in sixth column).
On the Transparency slider, enter 85%.
On the Blur slider, enter 10%.
On the Angle slider, enter 90.
On the Distance slider, enter 5 pt.
To reproduce the animation effects for the first text on this slide, do the following:
On the slide, select the text box, and then on the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click the More arrow to expand the effect gallery, and under Entrance, click Zoom.
In the Timing group, do the following:
In the Start list, select With Previous.
In the Duration list, select
In the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation, and under Entrance, click Fly In.
In the Advanced Animation group, click Animation Pane. In the Animation Pane, select the second entrance effect (fly-in) and do the following:
In the Timing group, in the Start list, select With Previous.
In the Animation group, click Effect Options and under Direction, select From Top.
On the slide select the text box, and on the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation and then click More Exit Effects.
In the Add Exit Effect dialog box, under Subtle, select Contract, and then click OK.
On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Animation Pane. In the Animation Pane, select the third effect (contract exit), and in the Timing group, do the following:
In the Start list, select After Previous.
In the Duration list, select
To reproduce the second text on this slide, do the following:
On the slide, select the text box. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow next to Copy and select Duplicate.
Select the second text box, right-click, and select Edit Text. Enter new text.
To reproduce the animation effects for the second text on this slide, do the following:
In the Animation Pane, click the fourth animation effect (first entrance for second text box) and do the following:
On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click the More arrow to expand the effects gallery and then click More Entrance Effects, and then in the Change Exit Effect dialog box, under Moderate, select Expand, and then click OK.
In the Delay list, enter
In the Animation Pane, click the fifth animation effect (second entrance for the second text box) and do the following:
On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click the More arrow to expand the effects gallery and then under Exit, click Fly Out.
In the Animation group, click Effect Options and under Direction, click To Bottom.
In the Duration list, enter
In the Delay list, enter
Click Add Effect, point to Exit, and then click More Effects, and then in the Add Exit Effect dialog box, under Subtle, click Faded Zoom, and then click OK.
In the Animation Pane, click the sixth animation effect (exit for the second text box) and do the following:
On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click the More arrow to expand the effects gallery and then under Exit, click Basic Zoom.
In the Duration list, enter
To align the text on this slide, do the following:
On the slide, press and hold CTRL and select both text boxes, and then on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then under Position Objects, click Align, and do the following:
Click Align to Slide.
Click Align Middle.
Click Align Center.
To reproduce the background on this slide, do the following:
Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
In the Type list, select Radial.
Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (third option from the left).
Click the button next to Color, and click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left).
Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following:
Click the button next to Color, and click Olive Green, Accent 3, Lighter 60% (third row, seventh option from the left).
A part of the circumference is called an Arc.

6. Area of a Circle:
Animated text zooms in, changes and zooms out
(Intermediate)
Tip: This effect can be applied to a series of names, award recipients, team members, etc.
To reproduce the first text on this slide, do the following:
On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank.
On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click Text Box, and then on the slide, drag to draw the text box.
Enter text in the text box, select the text, and then on the Home tab, in the Font group, select Franklin Gothic Heavy from the Font list, enter 56 in the Font Size list, and then click Bold.
On the Home tab, in the Paragraph group, click Center to center the text in the text box.
With the text box still selected, under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the WordArt Styles group, click the Format Text Effects: Text Box dialog box launcher. In the Format Text Effects dialog box, in the left pane, click Text Fill. In the Text Fill pane, do the following:
Select Gradient fill.
In the Type list, select Linear.
Click the button next to Direction, and then click Linear Down (first row, second option from the left).
Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear in the drop-down list.
Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear on the slider, and customize the gradient stops as follows:
Select Stop 1 on the slider, and then do the following:
In the Position box, enter 25%.
Click the button next to Color, and click More Colors. In the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 219, Green: 76 and Blue: 19.
Select Stop 2 on the slider, and then do the following:
In the Position box, enter 100%.
Click the button next to Color, and click More Colors. In the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 245, Green: 174 and Blue: 135.
On the slide, select the text box and under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the WordArt Styles group, click Text Effects, point to Shadow and then click Shadow Options.
In the Format Text Effects dialog box, in the left pane, click Shadow and do the following:
In the Presets list, under Perspective, click Below (third option on first row).
In the Color list, click Olive Green, Accent 3, darker 25% (fifth option down in sixth column).
On the Transparency slider, enter 85%.
On the Blur slider, enter 10%.
On the Angle slider, enter 90.
On the Distance slider, enter 5 pt.
To reproduce the animation effects for the first text on this slide, do the following:
On the slide, select the text box, and then on the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click the More arrow to expand the effect gallery, and under Entrance, click Zoom.
In the Timing group, do the following:
In the Start list, select With Previous.
In the Duration list, select
In the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation, and under Entrance, click Fly In.
In the Advanced Animation group, click Animation Pane. In the Animation Pane, select the second entrance effect (fly-in) and do the following:
In the Timing group, in the Start list, select With Previous.
In the Animation group, click Effect Options and under Direction, select From Top.
On the slide select the text box, and on the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation and then click More Exit Effects.
In the Add Exit Effect dialog box, under Subtle, select Contract, and then click OK.
On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Animation Pane. In the Animation Pane, select the third effect (contract exit), and in the Timing group, do the following:
In the Start list, select After Previous.
In the Duration list, select
To reproduce the second text on this slide, do the following:
On the slide, select the text box. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow next to Copy and select Duplicate.
Select the second text box, right-click, and select Edit Text. Enter new text.
To reproduce the animation effects for the second text on this slide, do the following:
In the Animation Pane, click the fourth animation effect (first entrance for second text box) and do the following:
On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click the More arrow to expand the effects gallery and then click More Entrance Effects, and then in the Change Exit Effect dialog box, under Moderate, select Expand, and then click OK.
In the Delay list, enter
In the Animation Pane, click the fifth animation effect (second entrance for the second text box) and do the following:
On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click the More arrow to expand the effects gallery and then under Exit, click Fly Out.
In the Animation group, click Effect Options and under Direction, click To Bottom.
In the Duration list, enter
In the Delay list, enter
Click Add Effect, point to Exit, and then click More Effects, and then in the Add Exit Effect dialog box, under Subtle, click Faded Zoom, and then click OK.
In the Animation Pane, click the sixth animation effect (exit for the second text box) and do the following:
On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click the More arrow to expand the effects gallery and then under Exit, click Basic Zoom.
In the Duration list, enter
To align the text on this slide, do the following:
On the slide, press and hold CTRL and select both text boxes, and then on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then under Position Objects, click Align, and do the following:
Click Align to Slide.
Click Align Middle.
Click Align Center.
To reproduce the background on this slide, do the following:
Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
In the Type list, select Radial.
Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (third option from the left).
Click the button next to Color, and click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left).
Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following:
Click the button next to Color, and click Olive Green, Accent 3, Lighter 60% (third row, seventh option from the left).
The area of a circle is π times the radius squared, which is written:
A = πr2

7. Circle inscribed in a polygon:
A circle is said to be inscribed in a polygon if all the sides of the polygon are tangents of the circle. We also can say that the polygon is circumscribed about the circle.
Animated text zooms in, changes and zooms out
(Intermediate)
Tip: This effect can be applied to a series of names, award recipients, team members, etc.
To reproduce the first text on this slide, do the following:
On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank.
On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click Text Box, and then on the slide, drag to draw the text box.
Enter text in the text box, select the text, and then on the Home tab, in the Font group, select Franklin Gothic Heavy from the Font list, enter 56 in the Font Size list, and then click Bold.
On the Home tab, in the Paragraph group, click Center to center the text in the text box.
With the text box still selected, under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the WordArt Styles group, click the Format Text Effects: Text Box dialog box launcher. In the Format Text Effects dialog box, in the left pane, click Text Fill. In the Text Fill pane, do the following:
Select Gradient fill.
In the Type list, select Linear.
Click the button next to Direction, and then click Linear Down (first row, second option from the left).
Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear in the drop-down list.
Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear on the slider, and customize the gradient stops as follows:
Select Stop 1 on the slider, and then do the following:
In the Position box, enter 25%.
Click the button next to Color, and click More Colors. In the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 219, Green: 76 and Blue: 19.
Select Stop 2 on the slider, and then do the following:
In the Position box, enter 100%.
Click the button next to Color, and click More Colors. In the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 245, Green: 174 and Blue: 135.
On the slide, select the text box and under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the WordArt Styles group, click Text Effects, point to Shadow and then click Shadow Options.
In the Format Text Effects dialog box, in the left pane, click Shadow and do the following:
In the Presets list, under Perspective, click Below (third option on first row).
In the Color list, click Olive Green, Accent 3, darker 25% (fifth option down in sixth column).
On the Transparency slider, enter 85%.
On the Blur slider, enter 10%.
On the Angle slider, enter 90.
On the Distance slider, enter 5 pt.
To reproduce the animation effects for the first text on this slide, do the following:
On the slide, select the text box, and then on the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click the More arrow to expand the effect gallery, and under Entrance, click Zoom.
In the Timing group, do the following:
In the Start list, select With Previous.
In the Duration list, select
In the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation, and under Entrance, click Fly In.
In the Advanced Animation group, click Animation Pane. In the Animation Pane, select the second entrance effect (fly-in) and do the following:
In the Timing group, in the Start list, select With Previous.
In the Animation group, click Effect Options and under Direction, select From Top.
On the slide select the text box, and on the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation and then click More Exit Effects.
In the Add Exit Effect dialog box, under Subtle, select Contract, and then click OK.
On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Animation Pane. In the Animation Pane, select the third effect (contract exit), and in the Timing group, do the following:
In the Start list, select After Previous.
In the Duration list, select
To reproduce the second text on this slide, do the following:
On the slide, select the text box. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow next to Copy and select Duplicate.
Select the second text box, right-click, and select Edit Text. Enter new text.
To reproduce the animation effects for the second text on this slide, do the following:
In the Animation Pane, click the fourth animation effect (first entrance for second text box) and do the following:
On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click the More arrow to expand the effects gallery and then click More Entrance Effects, and then in the Change Exit Effect dialog box, under Moderate, select Expand, and then click OK.
In the Delay list, enter
In the Animation Pane, click the fifth animation effect (second entrance for the second text box) and do the following:
On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click the More arrow to expand the effects gallery and then under Exit, click Fly Out.
In the Animation group, click Effect Options and under Direction, click To Bottom.
In the Duration list, enter
In the Delay list, enter
Click Add Effect, point to Exit, and then click More Effects, and then in the Add Exit Effect dialog box, under Subtle, click Faded Zoom, and then click OK.
In the Animation Pane, click the sixth animation effect (exit for the second text box) and do the following:
On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click the More arrow to expand the effects gallery and then under Exit, click Basic Zoom.
In the Duration list, enter
To align the text on this slide, do the following:
On the slide, press and hold CTRL and select both text boxes, and then on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then under Position Objects, click Align, and do the following:
Click Align to Slide.
Click Align Middle.
Click Align Center.
To reproduce the background on this slide, do the following:
Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
In the Type list, select Radial.
Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (third option from the left).
Click the button next to Color, and click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left).
Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following:
Click the button next to Color, and click Olive Green, Accent 3, Lighter 60% (third row, seventh option from the left).

8. Circle circumscribed about a polygon:
A circle is said to be circumscribed about a polygon if the polygon is contained within the circle and each vertex of the polygon lies on the circle. We also say that the polygon is inscribed in the circle.
Animated text zooms in, changes and zooms out
(Intermediate)
Tip: This effect can be applied to a series of names, award recipients, team members, etc.
To reproduce the first text on this slide, do the following:
On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank.
On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click Text Box, and then on the slide, drag to draw the text box.
Enter text in the text box, select the text, and then on the Home tab, in the Font group, select Franklin Gothic Heavy from the Font list, enter 56 in the Font Size list, and then click Bold.
On the Home tab, in the Paragraph group, click Center to center the text in the text box.
With the text box still selected, under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the WordArt Styles group, click the Format Text Effects: Text Box dialog box launcher. In the Format Text Effects dialog box, in the left pane, click Text Fill. In the Text Fill pane, do the following:
Select Gradient fill.
In the Type list, select Linear.
Click the button next to Direction, and then click Linear Down (first row, second option from the left).
Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear in the drop-down list.
Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear on the slider, and customize the gradient stops as follows:
Select Stop 1 on the slider, and then do the following:
In the Position box, enter 25%.
Click the button next to Color, and click More Colors. In the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 219, Green: 76 and Blue: 19.
Select Stop 2 on the slider, and then do the following:
In the Position box, enter 100%.
Click the button next to Color, and click More Colors. In the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 245, Green: 174 and Blue: 135.
On the slide, select the text box and under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the WordArt Styles group, click Text Effects, point to Shadow and then click Shadow Options.
In the Format Text Effects dialog box, in the left pane, click Shadow and do the following:
In the Presets list, under Perspective, click Below (third option on first row).
In the Color list, click Olive Green, Accent 3, darker 25% (fifth option down in sixth column).
On the Transparency slider, enter 85%.
On the Blur slider, enter 10%.
On the Angle slider, enter 90.
On the Distance slider, enter 5 pt.
To reproduce the animation effects for the first text on this slide, do the following:
On the slide, select the text box, and then on the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click the More arrow to expand the effect gallery, and under Entrance, click Zoom.
In the Timing group, do the following:
In the Start list, select With Previous.
In the Duration list, select
In the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation, and under Entrance, click Fly In.
In the Advanced Animation group, click Animation Pane. In the Animation Pane, select the second entrance effect (fly-in) and do the following:
In the Timing group, in the Start list, select With Previous.
In the Animation group, click Effect Options and under Direction, select From Top.
On the slide select the text box, and on the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation and then click More Exit Effects.
In the Add Exit Effect dialog box, under Subtle, select Contract, and then click OK.
On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Animation Pane. In the Animation Pane, select the third effect (contract exit), and in the Timing group, do the following:
In the Start list, select After Previous.
In the Duration list, select
To reproduce the second text on this slide, do the following:
On the slide, select the text box. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow next to Copy and select Duplicate.
Select the second text box, right-click, and select Edit Text. Enter new text.
To reproduce the animation effects for the second text on this slide, do the following:
In the Animation Pane, click the fourth animation effect (first entrance for second text box) and do the following:
On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click the More arrow to expand the effects gallery and then click More Entrance Effects, and then in the Change Exit Effect dialog box, under Moderate, select Expand, and then click OK.
In the Delay list, enter
In the Animation Pane, click the fifth animation effect (second entrance for the second text box) and do the following:
On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click the More arrow to expand the effects gallery and then under Exit, click Fly Out.
In the Animation group, click Effect Options and under Direction, click To Bottom.
In the Duration list, enter
In the Delay list, enter
Click Add Effect, point to Exit, and then click More Effects, and then in the Add Exit Effect dialog box, under Subtle, click Faded Zoom, and then click OK.
In the Animation Pane, click the sixth animation effect (exit for the second text box) and do the following:
On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click the More arrow to expand the effects gallery and then under Exit, click Basic Zoom.
In the Duration list, enter
To align the text on this slide, do the following:
On the slide, press and hold CTRL and select both text boxes, and then on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then under Position Objects, click Align, and do the following:
Click Align to Slide.
Click Align Middle.
Click Align Center.
To reproduce the background on this slide, do the following:
Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
In the Type list, select Radial.
Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (third option from the left).
Click the button next to Color, and click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left).
Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following:
Click the button next to Color, and click Olive Green, Accent 3, Lighter 60% (third row, seventh option from the left).

9. Q-1: Find the circumference of a circle that is inscribed in a regular hexagon with 4.0 in sides.
Q-2: Find the area of a circle that is circumscribed about a square whose sides are 2.0 in .
Q-3: Find the circumference of a circle inscribed in a square whose sides are 12 in .
Q-4: Find the area of a circle inscribed in a square whose area is 49 cm

10. Q-5: Find the area of a circle circumscribed about a regular hexagon whose sides are 16.0 in .
Q-6: Find the circumference of a circle circumscribed about a regular hexagon whose perimeter is 33.6 m.