1. Mobile Phone Partnership Initiative (MPPI)
Presentation :
Background
Why Mobile Phones
Goal of the MPPI
Mobile Phones: Facts
Mobile phones in the world
Worldwide WEEE Problem?
MPPI Partners / Observers
MPPI Working Structure
MPPI Work Program 2003 – 06
MPPI Products
MPPI Work Program 2007 – 09
Benefits of MPPI
MPPI Hot Issues
TBM
Lessons Learned
Prerequisite for Success
Marco Buletti
Federal Office for the Environment
FOEN / Switzerland
Chair, Mobile Phone Working Group
MPWG

2. Background
Swiss Initiative as a pilot Public Private Partnership project – launched in 2002
Initiative is based on Basel’s Declaration on ESM
First Public/Private Partnership in the framework of the Basel Convention
Includes manufacturers, telecom operators, plus other stakeholders: Parties, Signatories, BCRCs, refurbishers, recyclers, associations and NGOs

3. Why Mobile Phones
People in all countries can relate to this product -> high visibility.
Technology has global application and rapidly increasing markets.
Mobile Phones means access to information and information exchange.
Mobile phones have a short lifespan.
Main markets for used/second hand mobile phones are in developing countries and in countries with economies in transition.
Transboundary movements and recovery of used and end-of-life of electronic and electrical equipment is a highly topical issue.
Limited number of manufacturers and telecom operators.
Experience with collection and treatment systems exists.
"Valuable materials can be recovered from end-of-life mobile phones"

4. Goal of the MPPI
“Sustainable and environmentally sound production, use, refurbishment, repair and recycling of mobile phones”
Promote sustainable partnership on environmentally sound management of used and end-of-life mobile phones.
Promote changes in public behaviour.
Promote state of the art repair, refurbishment and recycling operations.
Implement Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR).
Awareness raising and training on environmentally sound management of used and end-of-life mobile phones.
Put WEEE (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment) on the international an national political agendas.
Initiate Pilot project as a learning tool, and basis for possible other partnerships.

5. Mobile Phones: Facts / 1 Production & Sales
Production 2006: 31 Mobile Phones per second
Sales 2003: 515 million Mobile Phones
Sales 2004: million Mobile Phones
Sales 2005: 816 million Mobile Phones
Sales million Mobile Phones
Subscribers: 1.9 Billion in > 2.0 Billion in 2007 (estimated)
Lifespan Ø: – 1.5 years (with first user)

6. Mobile Phones: Facts / 2 Materials per Mobile Phone
Average weight grams
Plastics: 58 %
Metals: 25 %
Ceramics: 16 %
Flame retardants: 1 %
Precious Metals per Mobile Phone (Source USGS 2005)
Copper 16 grams
Silver grams
Gold grams
Palladium grams
Platinum grams
Value US$ per mobile phone
Stock worldwide: 500 millions MP = 314 US$
(in drawers)

7. Mobile Phones in the World
Countries with active or pilot mobile
phone collection systems
Source: GSM Association
Source: GSM Association

8. MPPI Partners* and Observers
Manufacturers*
Alcatel
LG Electronics
Matsushita (Panasonic)
Mitsubishi
Motorola
NEC
Nokia
Philips
Samsung
Sharp
Siemens
Sony Ericsson
Telecom Operators*
France Telecom / Orange
Vodafone
Bell Canada
Others
Parties and Signatories*
BCRCs*
Green NGOs
Industry Associations
Consumer Organizations
Refurbishers
Recyclers
Manufacturers and Telecom Operators signed a declaration!

9. MPPI Working Structure
Basel Convention (COPs)
Mobile Phone Working Group MPWG
Secretariat Basel Convention SBC
Basel Convention Regional Centers
-> !Multipliers!
Project Group 2 „Collection and TBM“
(completed its work)
Project Group 1 „Refurbishment“ (completed its work)
Project Group 3 „Recycling“ (completed its work)
Project Group 4 „Awareness on Design“
Phase A
Concrete Field Projects and testing of the Guidelines
Phase B
Workshops
Awareness raising
Data on TBM

10. MPPI Work Program 2003 - 2006 -> Work on
State of the art Refurbishment of used mobile phones
Collection systems for used and end-of-life mobile phones.
Transboundary movements (TBM) of collected mobile phones.
Environmentally sound practices for material recovery and recycling of end-of-life Mobile phones.
Awareness raising on design consideration.

11. MPPI Products until 2006 / 1 Guidelines
(see
Guideline on “Environmentally sound refurbishment”
Guideline on “Environmentally sound material recovery & recycling”
Guideline on “Awareness raising on design considerations”
Guideline on “Effective collection systems”
Guideline on “Transboundary Movements”
-> All Guidelines finalized are and approved by the MPWG
(Mobile Phone Working Group)

12. MPPI Products until 2006 / 2
Overall Guidance Document on environmentally sound management of used and end-of-life mobile phones (UNEP/CHW.8/2/Add3*)
Content:
- Introduction - Executive Summaries and Recommendations of all individual guidelines - Glossary of Terms
-> Overall Guidance Document provisionally adopted at COP8 BC
(available in all 6 UN-languages)
Comments to the SBC are welcome

13. MPPI Products until 2006 / 3 Chairman’s Paper (UNEP/CHW.8INF/6)
Chairman’s paper on issues raised during the discussion of the guideline on transboundary movements of used and end-of-life mobile phones Content: - Introduction - Options to address used mobile phones and the broader electronic equipment issue within the Basel Convention - Implication of the options
-> Introduced at COP8 BC for discussion at OEWG Meeting 2007
Comments to the SBC are welcome

14. -> Field projects & testing of the guidelines & awareness
MPPI Work Program
-> Field projects & testing of the guidelines & awareness
Projects in individual developing countries and countries with economies in transition
Testing of the Refurbishment Guideline
Testing of the Material Recovery/Recycling Guideline
Testing of the Awareness on Design Considerations Guideline
Testing of collection guideline
Guidance on evaluation testing and labeling
Collect data on TBM
Workshops
Revisions of the individual guidelines and of the Overall Guidance Document as required .

15. MPPI Benefits to Parties
Confidence: Second-hand (refurbished) phones are of a satisfactory standard with respect to product safety, quality, longevity and environmental performance.
Confidence: Local refurbishers and recyclers, respecting the MPPI guideline, follow the best practise:
refurbishment of used mobile phones, and
materials recovery and recycling of end-of-life mobile phones.
Confidence: Exporters and importers (local reprocessors) are aware of the rules and procedures that govern transboundary shipments of used and end-of-life mobile phones.
Training and expert advice is available on environmentally sound refurbishment and material recovery practices.
Strengthens the role and involvement of the Basel Convention Regional Centres (BCRC) on e-waste issues.
It provides support to place WEEE (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment) issues on the political agenda (awareness raising).

16. MPPI Benefits to Consumers
Confidence that the new refurbished/second-hand product is of high quality.
Confidence (esp. for those in developing countries and countries with economies in transition) that the refurbisher who indirectly provided their new refurbished/second-hand product is taking their Producer Responsibility obligations seriously.
Confidence that when they wish to dispose of their used mobile & accessories, that an appropriate system is in place to ensure the safe end-of-life management of their unwanted product.

17. MPPI Hot Issues / Discussions
Product - Non-Product – Waste
Waste – Hazardous Waste – Basel Convention Waste
Definition of Repair – Refurbishment – Upgrading
Controls – Non-controls of Transboundary Movements
Implication on the whole WEEE-Discussion (Waste Electric and Electronic Equipment)

18. Transboundary Movements (TBM)
For TBM the MPPI concludes (see Overall Guidance Document)
A) End-of-live mobile Phones destined for material recovery and recycling:
-> Basel Convention TBM rules apply
B) Used mobile phones destined for reuse following repair / refurbishment or upgrading in the importing country
Interim approach with two options is proposed:
-> Voluntary notification procedure
-> Decision tree procedure (Basel Convention Regulations)
-> Parties to consider the two options
and select the one most appropriate.

19. Lessons learned / 1
Difficulty in engaging the private sector - there is some reluctance of many companies to be associated with a Convention that includes the phrase “hazardous” in its title.
Lack of knowledge / understanding: - from the industrial partners (e.g. about BC regulations) - from the countries (e.g. about the market) - from the industrial and green NGO’s (e.g. fixed positions)
Find a way to move forward in a way that it does not create any barriers to such sustainable partnerships, at the same time respect Basel Convention provisions and obligations.
Ensure there are adequate resources for: - participation of all countries interested - coordination of activities - editing, translation and printing of approved guidelines - launching concrete pilot projects - organize workshops in different regions to disseminate information on environmentally sound management
Slow process – Staying power is mandatory

20. Lessons learned / 2 Balanced participation important
Need to engage more developing countries in the Partnership and meetings.
Financing attendance of meetings by developing countries.
Getting resources to finance projects is difficult.
Always maintain a transparent process.
Reaching consensus is not always easy, due to different interest groups.
Need to involve all stakeholders from the beginning of the initiative.
Finding a dedicated officials to chair project groups.
Coordination of activities is very important.

21. Prerequisite for Success
Confidence building among different stakeholders with different agenda.
Finances to be secured at start of a partnership.
To put in process that takes into consideration a step by step approach.
Develop a work program that is flexible, so that activities can be adjusted as you go along.
Involve all key stakeholders in discussions, get their support, and build consensus.
Provide ample time for input and comments.
Meeting and teleconferences are to be well planned (agenda, documents) in advance.
Have dedicated people (from key countries and the Secretariat) involved in discussions.

22. Metal Scrap Collection already existed at Cesar's Time

23. Additional Information