1. Chemical Engineering Explained
Supplementary information for Chemical Engineering Explained © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018
Chemical Engineering Explained
Supplementary File: Chapter 8

2. Supplementary information for Chemical Engineering Explained © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018
Figure 8.1 Continuous-stirred tank reactor (CSTR). If necessary, the reactor can be surrounded by a heating or cooling coil in order to control the temperature within the reactor.

3. Supplementary information for Chemical Engineering Explained © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018
Figure 8.2 Plug-flow reactors. The reactors can either be (a) straight, or (b) coiled, depending on their diameters.

4. Supplementary information for Chemical Engineering Explained © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018
Figure 8.3 Fixed-bed reactor of multiple tubes in parallel. Coolant flows through the intermediate space to carry away excess heat.

5. Supplementary information for Chemical Engineering Explained © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018
Figure 8.4 Fluidised-bed reactor in which the high flow of the gas phase causes the solid phases bed to expand.

6. Supplementary information for Chemical Engineering Explained © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018
Figure 8.5 Fluidised-bed regimes, (a) packed bed without flow, (b) bubbling regime, (c) round slug, (d) square slug, (e) turbulent regime, (f) fat fluidization regime. Gas flow rate increases from (a) through to (f).

7. Supplementary information for Chemical Engineering Explained © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018
Figure 8.6 Variation of concentrations of reactant A and product R for the first order reaction, A→R. Initial concentration of A is mol L–1. Reaction rate constant is 0.10 s–1.

8. Supplementary information for Chemical Engineering Explained © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018
Figure 8.7 Variation of concentrations of reactant A and products R and S for the simultaneous, first-order reactions, A→R and A→S. Initial concentration of A is mol L–1. Reaction rate constant for first reaction is s–1 and for second reaction is s–1.

9. Supplementary information for Chemical Engineering Explained © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018
Figure 8.8 Variation of concentrations of reactant A and products R and S for the consecutive first-order reactions, A→R→S. Initial concentration of A is mol L–1. Reaction rate constant for first reaction is 0.15 s–1 and for second reaction is 0.10 s–1. The point at which CR is a maximum depends upon the relative rates of the two reactions.

10. Supplementary information for Chemical Engineering Explained © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018
Figure 8.10 The activation energy must be overcome for a reaction to occur.

11. Supplementary information for Chemical Engineering Explained © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018
Figure 8.11 Variation of concentrations of reactant A and product R for the first-order reaction, A→R. Initial concentration of A is mol L–1. Reaction rate constant for forward reaction is s–1 and for reverse reaction is s–1.

12. Figure 8.12 Conversion for a first-order reaction in a CSTR.
Supplementary information for Chemical Engineering Explained © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018
Figure 8.12 Conversion for a first-order reaction in a CSTR.

13. is known as Damköhler number.
Supplementary information for Chemical Engineering Explained © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018
Figure 8.13 Conversion for a second-order reaction in a CSTR. The group, t k CAO,
is known as Damköhler number.

14. Figure 8.14 Four continuous-stirred tank reactors in series.
Supplementary information for Chemical Engineering Explained © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018
Figure 8.14 Four continuous-stirred tank reactors in series.

15. Supplementary information for Chemical Engineering Explained © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018
Figure 8.15 Conversion of reactant as a function of the number of continuous-stirred tank reactors in series for four different values of t k.

16. Supplementary information for Chemical Engineering Explained © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018
Figure 8.16 Conversion within a plug-flow reactor for three different values for the fractional volume change.

17. Supplementary information for Chemical Engineering Explained © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018
Figure 8.17 Three models of reaction between gas and solid spherical particles.

18. Supplementary information for Chemical Engineering Explained © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018
Figure 8.18 The profile of the gas-phase reactant will depend upon which of several steps is the rate-determining step.