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Introduction to Operations

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1 Introduction to Operations

2 Operations -- Prof. Juran
Outline Intro to Operations Management Administrative Issues Basic Definitions Historical Development of OM Scientific Management Current Issues in OM Operations Strategy Measures of Productivity Operations -- Prof. Juran 2

3 Operations -- Prof. Juran
About the Class Web site Mission Description Syllabus (note special dates) Downloads Textbook TAs Operations -- Prof. Juran 2

4 Operations -- Prof. Juran

5 Littlefield Technologies
Setting Up the Game Round 1 Round 2

6 1. Order the Littlefield Technologies Access Code
Each student needs an individual access code. (Also available from NYU online bookstore.) Institution name: "New York University". Product title: "Littlefield Code for Professor Juran“ Price: $18, payable by MC, Visa, Discover or AmEx.

7 2. Register your team at To register, you need BOTH the individual codes they purchase and the course code ''stern''. Once the simulator has started, access your factory from Max team size 6 people. Make up a team name and a team password, No apostrophes! Deadline to register: 11:59 PM Saturday September 9

8 Playing Round 1 Juran “initializes” the game by 6:00 PM Sunday Sept. 10, generating 50 days of data and then pausing the game While the game is paused, you can view your factory and analyze the first 50 days of data, but you can’t make changes yet: Juran starts the game 4:00 PM Thu. Sept. 14 The game ends automatically after 4 days, 22 hours, and 35 minutes.

9

10 Playing Round 1 Objective: Finish the game with the most cash
Decision variables: Purchases/sales of machines at three manufacturing stations Written deliverable #1: What decisions did you make? What analysis led you to make those decisions? What did you learn from this game? 2 pages max.

11 Record Holders (Round 1)
juranjuran $1,428,756 Shaurav Datta Gus Giacoman Jordin Greene Julia Lamm Paulo Souza (all MBA’11)

12 Record Holders (Round 2)
synergy5 $1,604,719 Neil Mayer Douglas Monaster Yothin Peanpanich Jeff Shiue Diana Tsirlina (all MBA’10)

13 Record Holders (Total)
synergy5 $2,984,853 Neil Mayer Douglas Monaster Yothin Peanpanich Jeff Shiue Diana Tsirlina (all MBA’10)

14 What is Operations Management?
The design, control, and improvement of the systems that create and deliver the firm’s primary products and services Operations -- Prof. Juran

15 What is a Production System?
A user of resources to transform inputs into some desired outputs Operations -- Prof. Juran

16 Important Measures of Performance
Efficiency: Using a minimum of resources Effectiveness: Creating value for some customer Operations -- Prof. Juran

17 Operations -- Prof. Juran
Transformations Operations -- Prof. Juran 7

18 Manufacturing vs. Services
What differentiates manufacturing operations from service operations? J&C proposition: All businesses are services Operations -- Prof. Juran 7

19 Historical Development of OM
Craft System Industrial Revolution Scientific Management Organizational Science Operations Research JIT and TQM Supply Chain Management Internet Commerce Operations -- Prof. Juran 14

20 Operations -- Prof. Juran
Craft System Operations -- Prof. Juran 14

21 Industrial Revolution
Eli Whitney (1765 – 1825) Operations -- Prof. Juran

22 Scientific Management
Frederick W. Taylor (1856 – 1915) Operations -- Prof. Juran

23 Industrial Revolution
Henry Ford (1863 – 1947) Operations -- Prof. Juran

24 Organizational Science
Elton Mayo ( ) Operations -- Prof. Juran

25 Operations -- Prof. Juran
Operations Research Patrick Blackett ( ) Operations -- Prof. Juran

26 Operations -- Prof. Juran
JIT and TQM Taiichi Ohno (1912 – 1990) Kaoru Ishikawa (1915 – 1989) Genichi Taguchi (1924 – 2012) Operations -- Prof. Juran

27 Operations -- Prof. Juran
JIT and TQM Walter Shewhart (1891 – 1967) W. Edwards Deming (1900 – 1993) Joseph M. Juran (1904 – 2008) Operations -- Prof. Juran

28 Operations -- Prof. Juran
Current Issues in OM Effectively consolidating the operations resulting from mergers Developing flexible supply chains to enable mass customization of products and services Managing global supplier, production and distribution networks Increased “commoditization” of suppliers Operations -- Prof. Juran 14

29 Current Issues in OM (cont’d)
Achieving the “Service Factory” Enhancing value added services Making efficient use of Internet technology Achieving good service from service firms Operational risk Reduced environmental impact Reduced energy consumption Operations -- Prof. Juran 15

30 Operations -- Prof. Juran
Operations Strategy J&C: Setting broad policies and plans for using the resources of the firm to best support its long-term competitive strategy Juran: Deciding how the firm’s competitive strategy will actually happen, in terms of processes that are more efficient and/or more effective than the competition’s processes. Operations -- Prof. Juran 3

31 Operations -- Prof. Juran
Operations Strategy Key questions: What business are we in? Who are the customers? What do the customers need? How can we meet those needs more efficiently/effectively than the competition? How is all of this going to change over time? Operations -- Prof. Juran 3

32 Competitive Dimensions
Cost Product Quality and Reliability Delivery Speed Delivery Reliability Coping with Changes in Demand Flexibility and New Product Introduction Speed Other Product-Specific Criteria Operations -- Prof. Juran 4

33 Dealing with Trade-offs
Cost vs. Quality Flexibility vs. Speed Etc. Operations -- Prof. Juran 5

34 Operations -- Prof. Juran
Strategic Frameworks Kaplan and Norton: Financial Customer Internal Learning and Growth Operations -- Prof. Juran 3

35 Operations -- Prof. Juran
Strategic Frameworks Michael Porter: Rivalry Threat of Substitutes Buyer Power Supplier Power Barriers to Entry / Threat of Entry Operations -- Prof. Juran 3

36 Operations -- Prof. Juran
What is Productivity? Productivity is a common measure on how well resources are being used. In the broadest sense, it can be defined as the following ratio: Outputs Inputs Operations -- Prof. Juran

37 Total Measure Productivity
Total Measure Productivity = Outputs Inputs or = Goods and services produced All resources used Operations -- Prof. Juran 17

38 Partial Measure Productivity
Output or Output or Output or Output Labor Capital Materials Energy Operations -- Prof. Juran 17

39 Multifactor Measure Productivity
Output Labor Capital Energy or Labor Capital Materials Operations -- Prof. Juran 17

40 Operations -- Prof. Juran
Summary Intro to Operations Management Administrative Issues Basic Definitions Historical Development of OM Scientific Management Current Issues in OM Operations Strategy Measures of Productivity Operations -- Prof. Juran 2

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