1. The Political Spectrum (in the world)

2. The Political Spectrum
A person’s views on the issues help determine where they fall on the political spectrum.
The labels used on the spectrum are not pure categories, but they make up a continuum, or value line, and citizens and politicians fall somewhere on that line depending on what they believe.

3. The Factors that Shape Views
Two (2) major factors shape political views:
1. The first is how much change a person is willing to have within their society & government.
Do you want or like to have changes made to your life made by society & government?
2. The second deals with how much government involvement in the economy a person calls for.
Do you want or like the government to be involved in your life; telling you how to live?

4. The Factors that Shape Views
Other Factors:
Family & up-bringing.
Gender & Race, & Ethnicity.
Religion.
Region of the country (State) you live in.
To see where you stand, you would have to figure out where you stand on a number of issues:
Social (people-related).
Economic (money-related).
and Political (governmental) issues.

5. Political Labels First you need definitions of the terms: Radical:
Communism.
Socialism.
Reactionary:
Fascism.
Libertarianism.
Liberal.
Conservative.
Moderate (“Independent”)

6. Mastermind of the Russian Revolution and Father of the Soviet Union
What is a Radical?
Seen as being on the far left of the political spectrum, radicals call for wide-sweeping rapid change in the basic structure of the political, social, or economic system.
They may be willing to resort to extreme methods to bring about change, including the use of violence and revolution.
V.I. Lenin:
Mastermind of the Russian Revolution and Father of the Soviet Union

7. What is a Radical? Communism: Socialism:
Economic & social system in which all (or nearly all) property & resources are collectively owned by a classless society and not by individual citizens.
Based on the 1848 publication 'Communist Manifesto' by 2 German political philosophers, Karl Marx ( ) & his close associate Friedrich Engels ( ).
It envisaged common ownership of all land & capital and withering away of the coercive power of the state.
In such a society, social relations were to be regulated on the fairest of all principles: from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs.
Differences between manual & intellectual labor & between rural & urban life were to disappear, opening up the way for unlimited development of human potential.
Socialism:
Any of various economic & political theories advocating collective or governmental ownership and administration of the means of production and distribution of goods.
A system of society or group living in which there is no private property.
A system or condition of society in which the means of production are owned and controlled by the state.
A stage of society in Marxist theory transitional between capitalism & communism & distinguished by unequal distribution of goods & pay according to work done.

8. Hitler’s Mein Kampf is a typical reactionary manifesto
What is a Reactionary?
Sitting on the far right of the ideological spectrum, reactionaries want to go back to the way things were—the “good ol’ days.”
Often reactionaries are willing to use extreme methods, such as repressive use of government power, to achieve their goals.
The term “reactionary” is generally negative. A positive way to say the same thing is “arch-conservative.”
Hitler’s Mein Kampf is a typical reactionary manifesto

9. What is a Reactionary? Facism (Anarchist): Libertarianism:
A political philosophy, movement, or regime that exalts nation and often race above the individual and that stands for a centralized autocratic government headed by a dictatorial leader, severe economic and social regimentation, and forcible suppression of opposition.
A form of radical authoritarian nationalism, characterized by dictatorial power, forcible suppression of opposition and control of industry and commerce that came to prominence in early 20th-century Europe.
The first fascist movements emerged in Italy during World War I before it spread to other European countries.
Opposed to liberalism, Marxism, and anarchism, fascism is usually placed on the far-right within the traditional left–right spectrum.
Libertarianism:
A collection of political philosophies & movements that uphold liberty as a core principle.
Libertarians seek to maximize political freedom & autonomy, emphasizing freedom of choice, voluntary association, individual judgment & self-ownership.
Libertarians share a skepticism of authority & state power. 
Some libertarians advocate laissez-faire capitalism and strong private property rights, such as in land, infrastructure and natural resources.

10. Dr. Rev. Martin Luther King
What is a Liberal?
Liberals believe that the government should be actively involved in the promotion of social welfare of a nation’s citizens, in areas such as unemployment, health care, education, & the expansion of civil rights.
They usually call for peaceful, gradual change within the existing political system.
They reject violent revolution as a way of changing the way things are, often called the status quo.
Dr. Rev. Martin Luther King

11. What is a Liberal? Liberty & equal rights.
Liberals favor government-funded programs that address inequalities that they view as having derived from historical discrimination.
A large majority of liberals favor universal health care, with many supporting a single-payer system.
A majority also favor diplomacy over military action.
Favor stem cell research,
Favor the legalization of same-sex marriage
Favor secular government (officially neutral in matters of religion)
Favor stricter gun control
Favor environmental protection laws
Favor preservation of abortion rights
Immigration & cultural diversity is deemed positive; liberals favor cultural pluralism, a system in which immigrants retain their native culture in addition to adopting their new culture
Most liberals oppose increased military spending and the display of the Ten Commandments in public buildings
Liberals include most of academia (college professors) & large portions of the professional class

12. DEMOCRATIC Party
The DEMOCRATIC Party’s liberal platform is center-left in the U.S. political spectrum.
The party has the lengthiest record of continuous operation in the United States.
The party contains the most registered voters of any political organization in the world as of 2004, with 72 million voters.
From 2006 – 2010 (mostly under President George W. Bush), the Democratic Party had the majority party in both the House of Representatives and the United States Senate.
However, following the 2010 elections (middle of President Obama’s 1st term), the Democratic Party still held a majority in the Senate, but lost the majority in the House of Representatives.
Then, in 2014 elections, the Democratic Party lost control of both the House & the Senate.
President Obama was a Democrat.

13. Sen. Joe Lieberman (D-CT) is generally seen as a moderate.
What is a Moderate?
Moderates may share viewpoints with both liberals & conservatives.
Often called “Independents.”
They are seen as tolerant of other people’s views, and they do not hold extreme views of their own.
They advocate a “go-slow” or “wait-and-see” approach to social or political change.
Sen. Joe Lieberman (D-CT) is generally seen as a moderate.

14. What is a Conservative?
People who hold conservative ideals favor keeping things the way they are or maintaining the status quo if it is what they desire.
Conservatives are usually hesitant or cautious about adopting new policies, especially if they involve government activism in some way.
They feel that the less government there is, the better.
They agree with Jefferson’s view that “the best government governs least.”
Sen. Barry Goldwater (R-AZ) is widely regarded as the father of the modern conservative movement

15. What is a Conservative?
A conservative adheres to principles of personal responsibility, moral values, and limited government. Former President Ronald Reagan said, "The basis of conservatism is a desire for less government interference or less centralized authority or more individual freedom.”
Conservatives believe in:
Limited government and balanced budgets
Capitalism and free markets
Classroom prayer
Prohibition of abortion and respect for human life
Traditional marriage, not same-sex marriage
Laws against pornography
The Second Amendment right to keep and bear arms
The death penalty
Private medical care and retirement plans (vs. government-run)
Canceling failed social support programs
Enforcement of current laws regarding immigration
Respect for our military ... past and present & a strong national defense.
Rejection of “junk” science such as evolution and global warming
Minimal Taxation
Federalism (Separation of powers among the National, State and Local governments)
The upholding of the United States Constitution (strict interpretation)

16. REPUBLICAN Party
Founded in 1854 by anti-slavery expansion activists, it is often called the GOP (Grand Old Party). Abraham Lincoln became the 1st Republican Party President.
The party's platform generally reflects American conservatism in the U.S. political spectrum and is considered center-right.
The Republican Party has the 2nd most registered voters 55 million (2004).
As of 2014 (the 114th Congress) the Republican Party holds a majority of seats in both the House of Representatives and the Senate.
The party holds the majority of State governorships, as well as the majority of state legislatures, and control of one chamber in five states.
President Trump is a Republican.

17. The Political Spectrum

18. Which Viewpoint is Dominate?
2004

19. Origins of the 2 Parties
The Democratic Party traces its origins & heritage back to Thomas Jefferson & James Madison's Democratic-Republican Party.
The modern-day Democratic Party was founded around 1828 by supporters of Andrew Jackson, making it the world's oldest political party.
The Republican Party is the younger of the two parties. Founded in 1854 by anti-slavery expansion activists and modernizers, the Republican Party rose to prominence with the election of Abraham Lincoln, the first Republican president.

20. History of the Parties YEARS PARTY 1792 – 1824 Federalist Party
(Alexander Hamilton)
Democratic-Republican Party
(Madison & Jefferson)
1824 – 1854
Whig Party
(Henry Clay)
Democratic Party
(Andrew Jackson)
1854 – 1890s
Republican Party (“GOP”)
(Abraham Lincoln)
1896 – Present
Republican Party

21. US Presidents & Political Parties#
Name
Party 01
Washington, George
None (opposed political parties) 02
Adams, John
Federalist 03
Jefferson, Thomas
Democratic-Republican 04
Madison, James 05
Monroe, James 06
Adams, John Quincy 07
Jackson, Andrew
Democratic 08
Van Buren, Martin 09
Harrison, William H.
Whig 10
Tyler, John 11
Polk, James Knox 12
Taylor, Zachary 13
Fillmore, Millard 14
Pierce, Franklin 15
Buchanan, James 16
Lincoln, Abraham
Republican 17
Johnson, Andrew
War Union 18
Grant, Ulysses S. 19
Hayes, Rutherford B. 20
Garfield, James A. 21
Arthur, Chester Alan 22
*Cleveland, Grover 23
Harrison, Benjamin 24 25
McKinley, William
15 – Democrat (*1 x 2)
19 - Republican 26
Roosevelt, Theodore
Republican 27
Taft, William H. 28
Wilson, Woodrow
Democratic 29
Harding, Warren G. 30
Coolidge, Calvin 31
Hoover, Herbert C. 32
Roosevelt, Franklin D. 33
Truman, Harry S. 34
Eisenhower, Dwight D. 35
Kennedy, John F. 36
Johnson, Lyndon B. 37
Nixon, Richard M. 38
Ford, Gerald R. 39
Carter, James Earl Jr. 40
Reagan, Ronald W. 41
Bush, George H. W. 42
Clinton, William J. 43
Bush, George Walker 44
Obama, Barack Hussein 45
Trump, Donald

22. The Political Spectrum (in the world)