1. The Two Levels of Organizational Culture24
The Two Levels of Organizational Culture
Explicit – as visible artifacts and observable behaviors, the way people dress, act, symbols, stories, ceremonies
Implicit – values, beliefs, assumptions and feelings

2. Sources of Organizational Culture
Founders’ or early leaders’ beliefs, values and assumptions (vision, philosophy, strategy)
When these ideas and values become successful, they become institutionalized and organizational culture emerges that reflects the vision and strategies of the founders

3. Two Primary Functions of Organizational Culture
Integration of employees and
To help organization adapt to the external environment
culture and response to customers and competitors

4. Interpreting Culture Rites and Ceremonies
For example Student Council at a university and its opening ceremony, founders’ day, annual awards, employee weekend lunches etc.)
Stories, heroes, villains, legends, myths
Symbols
the above mentioned are all symbols plus there are physical symbols e.g. office layout in consulting companies, architecture, ergonomics, inverted organizational charts
Language
Specific sayings, slogans, metaphor, and other form of language to convey special meanings to employees

5. Organizational Design and Culture
7 s Model of McInzee

6. Culture and Hiring

7. Cultural Shock