1. Vocabulary Warm-Ups
You will learn Vocabulary this year through a Word Skills program, which teaches you Latin and Greek root words in order to help you “break down” vocabulary words you do not know.
It will help you in standardized tests, such as the SAT.
In your journal, write..
the root word
Its meaning
Two association words, including its breakdown.
Agrarian: ag(field) ian (one who)-

2. Breaking Words into Roots
Hypertrophy
Hyper
over
Troph
growth
Definition: increase in the volume of muscle or organ due to the enlargement of cells.

3. Definition: a cemetery
Necropolis
Necro
death
Polis
city
Definition: a cemetery

4. Lesson 21 1. agr Definition: field, crop
Association Words:
• Agriculture: agr (field) cultura (cultivation)
• Agrarian: agr (field) ian (related to)
Agrarian society is one that farms to survive
• Agrobiology: agr (field) bio (life) logy (study)

5. 2. bat Definition: beat Battle: battuere (beat)
Association Words:
Battle: battuere (beat)
Combat: com (together, with) bat (beat)
Battalion: battalia (body of troops)

6. 3. clin Definition: bend, lean
Association Words:
Decline: de (down) clin (bend)
Inclination: in (in, into) clin (bend) ation (act of) – tendency
Recline: re (back) clin (bend)

7. 4. cod Definition: written
Association Words:
Code – written language
Codify: cod (written); fy (make, do)
Means to record or write down

8. 5. cord Definition: heart
Association Words:
Cordial: cord (heart); ial (related to)
Means friendly and affectionate
Discordant: dis (apart, away); cord (heart); ant (that which)
Means disagreeable or not friendly

9. Write a sentence, using each root word.
Cordial
Battle
Discordant
combat
Code
Battalion
Decode
Agrarian
Codify
agriculture
Incline
Recline
Decline
Inclination

10. 6. cruc Definition: cross
Association Words:
Crucify: cruc (cross); fy (make, do)
Crusade: cruciare (mark with a cross)
The English went on Crusades to spread Christianity.

11. 7. dic (dict) Definition: speak, say, word
Association Words:
Dictionary: dict (word); arium (place where)
Malediction: mal (bad); dict (speak, say); ion (act of)

12. 8. ego Definition: self Association Words:
Alter ego: alter (other); ego (self)
Egocentric: ego (self); centr (center)

13. 9. fort Definition: strong
Association Words:
Comfort: com (together, with); fort (strength)
Fortification: fort (strong); fic (make); tion (act of)

14. 10. gam (gamy) Definition: marriage, spouse
Association Words:
Bigamy: bi (two); gamy (marriage)
Misogamist: mis (hate); gam (marriage, spouse); ist (one who)

15. Write your sentence! Include all 5 root words.
Crucial
Egoist
Crucify
Egocentric
Crusades
Comfort
Excruciating
Fortitude
Dictate,Dictator
Fortification
Dictionary
Bigamy
Predict
Monogamy
Maledict
Endogamy
Alter ego
misogamist
Egotistical

16. 11. glott (gloss) Definition: tongue
Association Words:
Glossectomy: gloss (tongue); ec (out); tomy (cut)
Polyglot: poly (many); glot (tongue)

17. 12. jus Definition: law Association Words:
Justice: jus (law); ice (practice)
Unjust: un (not); jus (law)

18. 13. mand (mend) Definition: order, entrust
Association Words:
Mandate: mand (order); ate (cause, make)

19. 14. memor (mem, mne) Definition: memory, mindful
Association Words:
Memory: memor (mindful); y (result of)
Memoir: mem (memory); oir (place where)

20. 15. orb Definition: circle
Association Words:
Orbit: orb (circle); it (travel, go)
Exorbitant: ex (out); orb (circle); ant (that which)
Very high, overpriced, ridiculous

21. Write your sentence(s), using all five root words.
Polyglot
Mandatory
Glossectomy
Memoir
Glossary
Memory
Justice
Commemorate
Unjust
Memorial
Mandate
Orbit
Command
exorbitant
Commend

22. 16. pet Definition: seek, ask, attack
Association Words:
Petition: pet (ask); tion (act of)
Petulant: pet (attack); ant (that which)
Ready to attack

23. 17. phan (phen, fan) Definition: appear, show, seem
Association Words:
Phantom: phantasma (an appearance)
Phenomenon: phantasma (an appearance)

24. 18. pond (pound) Definition: weight
Association Words:
Ponder: pond (weight) – to weigh in the mind; consider carefully
Imponderable: im (not); pond (weight); able (capable)

25. 19. poten Definition: power
Association Words:
Potent: pot (power); ent (full of)
Omnipotent: omni (all); pot (power); ent (full of)

26. 20. rhino Definition: nose
Association Words:
Rhinoceros: rhino (nose); keras (horn)
Rhinologist: rhino (nose); logy (study of); ist (one who)

27. Write your sentence! Petition Potential Competition Omnipotent
Petulant
Rhinocerous
Phantom
Rhinologist
Phenomenon
Rhinoplasty
Diaphanous
Rhinorrhea
Ponder
Imponderable
Potent

28. 21. son Definition: sound Association Words:
Sonic: son (sound); ic (related to)
Unison: uni (one); son (sound)

29. 22. techn Definition: skill, art
Association Words:
Technical: techn (skill); al (related to)
Pyrotechnician: pyro (fire); techn (skill); ician (one who is skilled in)

30. 23. tempor Definition: time
Association Words:
Temporary: tempor (time); ary (related to)
Contemporary: con (together, with); tempor (time); ary (related to)

31. 24. troph Definition: growth, nourishment
Association Words:
Atrophy: a (not, without); troph (growth); y (result of)
Autotrophic: auto (self); troph (growth); ic (related to)

32. 25. vest Definition: clothes, dress
Association Words:
Vestment: vest (clothes); ment (act of) – ritual dress of the clergy
Transvestite: trans (across); vest (clothes); ite (one who)

33. Write your sentence! Sonic Contemporary Unison Tempo Sonar
Extemporaneous
Dissonant
Atrophy
Technical
Dystrophy
Technician
Autotrophic
Technology
Heliotrophic
Pyrotechnician
Trophy
Temporary
Vest

34. Lesson 2 1.agon Definition: contest, struggle
Association Words:
Agony: agon (struggle); y (result of)
Antagonist: anti (against); agon (struggle); ist (one who)

35. 2. Baro Definition: weight, pressure
Association Words:
Barometer: baro (pressure); meter (measure)
Baritone: baro (weight, heavy); ton (sound)

36. 3. Cereb Definition: brain
Association Words: * Cerebral: cereb (brain); al (related to) * Cerebellum: part of the brain that controls voluntary movement, posture, equilibrium

37. 4. clam (claim) Definition: shout, cry out
Association Words:
Clamor: clam (shout); or (state, quality)
Exclamatory: ex (out); clam (shout); ory (pertaining to)
Proclamation: pro (forward); clam (shout); ation (act of)

38. 5. Clar Definition: clear
Association Words:
Clarify: clar (clear); fy (make)
Clairvoyant: clair (clear); voy (see); ant (one who)

39. 6. Cosm Definition: world, universe, order
Association Words:
Cosmic: cosm (universe); ic (related to)
Cosmopolitan: cosm (world); polit (city); an (pertaining to)

40. 7. doc (doct) Definition: teach
Association Words:
Doctor: doct (teach); or (one who)
Indoctrinate: in (in, into); doct (teach); ate (make, cause)
- To thoroughly teach someone a belief

41. 8. Err Definition: wander, stray
Association Words:
Error: err (wander, stray); or (that which)
Erratic: err (stray); ic (related to)

42. 9. Foli Definition: leaf Association Words:
Foliage: foli (leaf); age (result, process)
Exfoliate: ex (out); foli (leaf); ate (make, case) –
to peel in small flakes like bark or skin
Portfolio: port (carry); foli (leaf) – device for carrying “leaves” of work

43. 10. Gest Definition: carry, bear
Association Words:
Digest: di (through); gest (carry)
Gestation: gest (carry); ation (act of)

44. Write your sentence Microcosm Foliage Cosmic Exfoliate Cosmopolitan
Portfolio
Doctor
Digest(ion)
Doctrine
gestation
Indoctrinate
Error
Erratic
Erroneous

45. 11. Holo Definition: whole
Association Words:
Holistic: holo (whole); ic (related to)
Holocaust: holo (whole); caust (burn)

46. 12. Idio Definition: peculiar, private (unknown), distinct
Association Words:
Idiot: idio (private)
originally, a private citizen, one unaware of public events.
Idiosyncrasy: ideo (peculiar); syn (together); krasis (mix); y (result of)

47. 13. Lex Definition: word, law
Association Words:
* Lexicology: lex (word); logy (study of)
* Lexophobia: lex (word); phobia (fear of)
o Fear of reading

48. 14. Mar Definition: sea Association Words:
Mariner: mar (sea); er (one who)
Submarine: sub (under); mar (sea); ine (pertaining to)

49. 15. oste (osteo) Definition: bone
Association Words:
Osteotomy: osteo (bone); tomy (cut)
Osteoarthritis: osteo (bone); arthr (joint); itis (inflammation)

50. 16. Petr Definition: stone, rock
Association Words:
Petroleum: petr (rock); oleum (oil)
Petrify: petr (rock, stone); fy (make)

51. 17. ple (plen, plet) Definition: fill, full
Association Words:
Plenty: plen (fully); y (result of)
Deplete: de (down, from); plet (fill)

52. 18. Popul Definition: people
Association Words:
Popular: popul (people); ar (pertaining to)
Depopulate: de (down); popul (people); ate (make, cause)

53. 19. Pyro Definition: fire Association Words: * Pyre: pyr (fire)
* Pyrophobia: pyro (fire); phobia (fear)

54. 20. Schiz Definition: split, divide
Association Words:
Schism: schiz (split) – an unpleasant division of a group of people
Schizophrenia: schiz (split); phrenia (mind)

55. Write your sentence Petroleum Pyre Petrify, petrified Pyrogenic Plenty
Pyrophobia
Plentiful
Schism
Plentitude
Shizophrenia
Population
(de)populate
Popular, popularity
Populace

56. 21. Sol Definition: alone Association Words: * Solo: sol (alone)
* Desolate: de (down, from ); sol (alone); ate (characterized by)

57. 22. Sol Definition: sun Association Words:
* Solar: sol (sun); ar (related to)
* Parasol: para (near, beside); sol (sun)

58. 23. ten (tenu) Definition: thin
Association Words:
* Tenuous: tenu (thin); ous (full of) – having little substance; weak
* Attenuate: at (very); tenu (thin); ate (make) – to reduce or weaken

59. 24. tom (tomy) Definition: cut
Association Words:
Atom: a (not); tom (cut)
Dichotomy: dicho (two); tomy (cut)

60. 25. vict (vinc) Definition: conquer, show conclusively
Association Words:
* Victor: vict (conquer); or (one who)
* Convince: con (together, with); vinc (show conclusively)
* Invincible: in (not); vinc (conquer); ible (able)

61. Word Skills Lesson 13 1. angi Definition: vessel (usually blood)
Angioplasty- angio(blood vessel) plast (shape)- surgical enlargement of a blood vessel
Angiography- angio (blood vessel) graph (write)- xray examination of a blood vessel

62. 2. bas
Definition: low Basement Debase- de (down) bas (low)- to lower in character, quality or value.

63. 3. clud (clus) Definition: close, shut Exclude
Preclude- pre (before) clud (shut)- to prevent from happening; avert
Recluse- re(back) clus (shut)- a person who withdraws from the world

64. 4. corn Definition: horn Unicorn- “one horn” horse
Capricorn- horned goat
Cornucopia- a basket weaved into the shape of a horn; a Thanksgiving symbol of abundance

65. 5. crac (crat) Definition: government, rule, power Democracy
autocrat- auto (self) crat (power)- one ruler with unlimited power

66. Write your own sentence!
Angiology
Preclude
Angiography
Unicorn
Basement
Capricorn
Debase
Cornucopia
Exclude
Democracy
Include
Autocracy
Recluse
Autocrat
Conclude
Bureaucracy
seclude

67. 6. dom Definition: house Dome: dom (house)
Domicile: dom (house) ile (pertaining to)- one’s residence

68. 7. ev Definition: time Inevitable: in(in) ev(time) able(able)
Primeval: prim(first) ev(age,time) al(related to)- from the beginning of time

69. 8. frater Definition: brother
Fraternal: frater(brother) al(related to)
Fratricide: frater(brother) cid(kill)

70. 9. gymn Definition: naked, nude Gymnasium: gymn(naked) sium(place)
Gymnophobia: gymn (naked) phobia (fear)

71. 10. hum Definition: earth, ground Humble: um(earth) ble(related to)
Exhume: ex(out) hum(earth,ground)- to remove from the ground

72. Write your own sentence!
Dome
Gymnasium
Domestic
Gymnosophist
Domicile
Gymnophobia
Inevitable
Gymnoscopic
Primeval
Inhume
Medieval
Humiliate
Fraternal
Exhume
Fraternity
Fratricide

73. 11. lud (lus) Definition: laugh, mock, play
Ludicrous: lud(laugh) ous(full of)
collusion: col (together), lus (play) ion (act of)- conspiring for illegal purpose

74. 12. mater (metr) Definition: mother
Maternal: mater(mother) al(related to)
Metropolis: metr(mother) polis(city)- “mother” city; largest or most important city

75. 13. meso Definition: middle Mesoderm: meso(middle) derm(skin)
Mesozoic: meso(middle) zo(animal) ic(related to)

76. 14. oo (ov) Definition: egg
Oogamy: oo(egg) gamy(marriage)- reproduction by union of egg and sperm
Ovicide: oo(egg) cid(kill)- killing eggs of insects

77. 15. ophthalm Definition: eye Ophthalmic: ophthalm(eye) ic(related to)
Ophthalmoscope: ophthalm(eye) scop(look)- instrument for examining the eye

78. Write your own sentence
Ludicrous
Oogamy
Collusion
Ovicide
prelude
Ovary
maternal
Ovoviviparous- eggs that hatch internally
Matrimony
Ophthalmologists
Metropolis
Ophthalmoscope
Mesoderm
Mesopotamia
Mesozoic

79. 16. pater (patri) Definition: father
Paternity: pater(father) ity(state of)
Patriarch: patri(father) arch(rule)
Ex-patriate: (ex) patri (father) ate (act of)- to be exiled from one’s “fatherland”

80. 17. phag Definition: eat Esophagus: oisophagos(eat)
Anthropophagous: anthrop(man) phag(eat) ous(full of)- a cannibal

81. 18. platy Definition: broad, flat Plateau: plat(flat)
Platitude: platy(flat) tude(state of)
Platypodia: platy (flat) pod (feet)

82. 19. polis (polit) Definition: city Police: polis(city)
Acropolis: acro(high) polis(city)

83. 20. rod Definition: gnaw Rodent: rod(gnaw) ent(that which)
Erode: e(out) rod(gnaw)

84. Write your own sentence!
Paternal
Police
Paternity
Megalopolis
Expatriate
Acropolis
Dysphagia
Rodent
Esophagous
corrode
Anthropophagpus
Plateau
Platitudes
Platypodia

85. 21. soror Definition: sister Sorority: soror(sister) ity(state of)
Sororal: soror(sister) al(related to)

86. 22. term (termin) Definition: end, limit
Terminate: termin(end) ate(cause)
Terminolgy: termin(limit) logy(study)

87. 23. test Definition: witness Testify: test(witness) fy(make)
Testimony: test(witness) mony(result)

88. 24. tut (tui) Definition: teach, guide, guard
Tutor: tut(teach) or(one who)
Tutelage: tut(guard) age(state of)

89. 25. vir Definition: man Virile: vir(man) ile(like, pertaining to)
Virility: vir(man) ity(state, condition)

90. Word Skills Lesson 14 1. aero Definition: air
Association Words:
Aerate: aer (air); ate (make)
Aerial: aer (air); ial (pertaining to)

91. 2. Antho Definition: flower
Association Words:
Anthology: antho (flower); logy (study)
o A “bouquet” or collection of literary or musical pieces

92. 3. Arbor Definition: tree
Association Words:
Arbor: arbor (tree)
o A shady area with the roof and sides formed by trees
Arboretum: arbor (tree); ium (place)

93. 4. bath (bathy) Definition: deep
Association Words:
Bathysphere: bathy (deep); sphere (circle)
o Chamber for deep sea exploration
Bathymetry: bathy (deep); metry (measure)

94. 5. cad (cid, cas) Definition: fall, happen, accident
Association Words:
Casualty: cas (fall)
Decadent: de (down); cad (fall); ent (that which)

95. Write your sentence! Use at least three association words. arbor
Bathysphere
Aerate
Bathymeter
Aerial
Casualty
aerobics
Decadent
Chrysanthemum
Anthology
anthozoan
Arboreal
Arboretum

96. 6. Calc Definition: lime, stone, pebble
Association Words:
Calcification: calc (stone); fic (make); ation (act of)
Calculate: calc (pebble); ate (do)

97. 7. Chloro Definition: green
Association Words:
Chlorine: chlor (green); ine (pertaining to)
o Greenish-yellow, poisonous gas
Chlorophyll: chlor (green); phyll (leaf)

98. 8. Chrys Definition: yellow, gold
Association Words:
Chrysanthemum: chrys (yellow); anth (flower)
Chrysophyte: chrys (gold); phyt (plant)
o Golden or yellowish-green algae

99. 9. cre (creas, cret) Definition: grow
Association Words:
Increase: in (in); creas (grow)
Accretion: ac (to); cret (grow); tion (act of)
Crescendo: cre (grow); scend (climb)

100. 10. Cur Definition: care for
Association Words:
Curator: cur (care for); or (one who)
Curious: cur (care for); ious (full of)

101. 11. Cyan Definition: blue Association Words: Cyan: cyan (blue)
Cyanosis: cyan (blue); osis (disease, abnormal condition)
Bluish coloration of the skin due to lack of oxygen

102. 12. Cyto Definition: cell Association Words:
Cytotoxin: cyto (cell); tox (poison)
o Toxin that destroys cells, like venom
Cytogenesis: cyto (cell); gen (start); sis (process)

103. 13. Domin Definition: lord, master
Association Words:
Dominate: domin (master); ate (make)
Anno Domini: ann (year); domini (lord)
o Ex. 200 AD, in respects to time

104. 14. erythro Definition: red
Association Words:
Erythema: erythr (red )
Abnormal redness of the skin
Erythrocytometer: erythro (red); cyto (cell); meter (measure)
Erythrophobia: erythro (red); phobia (fear of)

105. 15. ethno Definition: nation, race, culture
Association Words:
Ethnic: ethn (race, culture); ic (related to)
Ethnology: ethno (culture); logy (study of)
Ethnocentric: ethno (culture, race); centr (center); ic (related to)

106. 16. Ferv Definition: hot, boil, bubble
Association Words:
Fervent: ferv (hot); ent (full of)
Showing great passion or emotion
Effervescent: ef (out); ferv (boil); scent (beginning to)
Ex: Alka-Seltzer

107. 17. gyn Definition: woman Association Words:
Androgynous: andro (man); gyn (woman); ous (full of)
Gynophobia: gyn (woman); phobia (fear of)

108. 18. –ish (a suffix – comes at the end of words) Definition: like, resembling
Association Words:
Childish, feverish, devilish

109. 19. –itis (suffix) Definition: infection, inflammation
Association Words:
Meningitis: meninx (brain membrane); itis (inflammation)
Arthritis: arthr (joint); itis (inflammation)
Hepatitis: hepat (liver); itis (inflammation)

110. 19. –itis (suffix) Definition: infection, inflammation
Association Words:
Meningitis: meninx (brain membrane); itis (inflammation)
Arthritis: arthr (joint); itis (inflammation)
Hepatitis: hepat (liver); itis (inflammation)

111. 20. liber Definition: free
Association Words:
Liberal: liber (free); al (related to)
Liberty: liber (free); ity (state of)
Liberate: liber (free); ate (make)

112. 21. meter (metr) Definition: measure
Association Words:
Perimeter: peri (around); meter (measure)
Odometer: hodos (road, trip); meter (measure)

113. 22. moll Definition: soft Association Words:
mollify: moll (soft); fy (make)
to make less angry, violent, or intense
emollient: e (out); moll (soft); ent (that which)

114. 23. orni (ornith) Definition: bird
Association Words:
ornithology: ornith (bird); logy (study of)
orniscopy: orni (bird); scop (look, see); y (result of )
a form of seeing the future by looking at birds

115. 24. phyll Definition: leaf
Association Words:
phylloid: phyll (leaf); oid (like)
aphylluous: a (lacking); phyll (leaf); ous (full of)

116. 25. pon (pos) Definition: place, put
Association Words:
compose: com (together, with); pos (put)
opponent: ob (against); pon (place); ent (one who)

117. Word Skills Lesson 15 1. alt Definition: high Association Words:
Altitude: alt (high); tude (state of)
Altar: alt (high); ar (related to)
A high, elevated table
Exalt: ex (out); alt (high)

118. 2. cred Definition: believe, trust Association Words:
Incredible: in (not); cred (believe); ible (able)
Discredit: dis (away); cred (believe); it (pertaining to)

119. 3. cumul Definition: heap, pile Association Words:
Accumulate: ac (to); comu (pile); ate (make, cause)
Cumulative: cumul (pile); tive (pertaining to)
Cumulus: cumul (pile, heap)
Type of cloud, the big fluffy kind

120. 4. dactyl Definition: finger, toe, digit Association Words:
Dactylography: dactyl (finger); graphy (write)
Study of fingerprints for identification
Pterodactyl: pter (wing); dactyl (finger)
The flying dinosaur. Reptile with featherless wings of skin.

121. 5. dyn (dynam) Definition: power, force, strength Association Words:
Association Words:
Dynamic: dynam (force); ic (related to)
Aerodynamics: aero (air); dynam (force); ics (science of)
Study of forces exerted by the motion of air

122. Write your sentence. Try to use all five!
Altitude
Cumulous
Altar
Cumulative
Exalt
Polydactyl- having “extra” digits
Altimeter
Pterodactyl
Credible
Dactlyography
Incredible
Dynamic
Discredit
Dynasty
Credit
Aerodynamics
Credentials
Accumulation

123. 6. enter Definition: intestine Association Words:
Association Words:
Enteric: enter (intestine); ic (related to)
Dysentery: dys (bad); enter (intestine); y (result of)

124. 7. –et (-ette) Definition: small Association Words:
Floret: flor (flower); et (small)
Statuette: stat (stand); ette (small)

125. 8. fa (fab) Definition: speak, say, tell Association Words:
Infant: in (not); fa (speak); ant (one who)
Fable: fab (told)
A story that is usually passed down orally
Affable: af (to); fab (speak); able (able)

126. 9. flor Definition: flower Association Words:
Floral: flor (flower); al (related to)
Florida: flor (flower)
Spanish for “land of flowers”

127. 10. her (hes) Definition: stick Association Words:
Adhesive: ad (to); hes (stick); ive (pertaining to)
Incoherent: in (not); co (together, with); her (stick); ent (that which)

128. Write your own sentence. Use all five!
Dysentery
Floral
Enteritis
Floriferous
Kitchenette
Adhesive
Statuette
Adherent
towelette
incoherent
Infant
Fable
Affable
Ineffable

129. 11. Ichthy Definition: fish Association Words:
Association Words:
Ichthyology; ichthy (fish); logy (study of)
Ichthyosis: ichthy (fish); osis (disease)

130. 12. Lingu Definition: tongue, language Association Words:
Lingo: lingu (language)
Bilingual: bi (two); lingu (tongue, language); al (related to)
Linguistics: lingu (language); ics (science of)

131. 13. merg (mers) Definition: dip, plunge Association Words:
Submerge: sub (under); merg (dip)
Immersion: im (in, into); mers (dip); ion (act of)
Emerge: e (out); merge (plunge)

132. 14. mon (monit) Definition: warn Association Words:
Monitor: monit (warn); or (one who)
Monitory: monit (warn); ory (pertaining to)
Premonition: pre (before); monit (warn); tion (act of)

133. 15. or (orat) Definition: mouth, pray, speak Association Words:
Oral: or (mouth); al (related to)
Oracle: ora (pray)
Inexorable: in (not); ex (out); or (pray); able (able)
Unmoved by prayer

134. Write your own sentence!
Ichthyophagous
Admonish
Ichthyology
Premonition
Ichthyosis
Monitor
Bilingual
Orator
Monolingual
Oracle
Linguistics
Oration
Lingo
Submerge
Immersion
Emerge

135. 16. phyto Definition: plant Association Words:
Phytophagous: phyto (plant); phag (eat); ous (full of)
Phytopathogen: phyto (plant); path (disease); gen (origin)

136. 17. prehend (prehens) Definition: seize, grasp Association Words:
Comprehend: com (together); prehend (grasp)
Reprehensible: re (back); prehens (seize); ible (able)

137. 18. sangui Definition: blood Association Words:
Sangfroid: sang (blood); froid (cold)
Composure under stress – “cold blooded”
Exsanguinated: ex (out); sangui (blood); ate (cause)

138. 19. rhizo Definition: root Association Words:
Rhizoid: rhizo (root); oid (resembling)
Rhizomorphous: rhizo (root); morph (shape); ous (full of)

139. 20. saur Definition: lizard Association Words:
Association Words:
Dinosaur: deinos (terrible); saur (lizard)
Pterosaur: pter (wing); saur (lizard)
Tyrannosaurus rex: tyrannos (tyrant); saur (lizard); rex (king)

140. Write your own sentence!
Neophyte
Rhizoid
Phytophagous
Rhizophagous
Autophyte
Rhizanthous
Apprehensive
Comprehend
Consanguinity- related by blood
Apprehend
Sangfroid- composure under stress
Reprehensible
Prehensile (like a monkey’s tail)
Sanguine- color red

141. 21. topo Definition: place (as in a location) Association Words:
Topical: top (place); al (related to)
Ectopic: ec (out); top (place); ic (related to)

142. 22. trud (trus) Definition: thrust Association Words:
Intruder: in (in, into); trud (thrust); or (one who)
Protrusion: pro (forth); trus (thrust); ion (act of)

143. 23. vac (vacu) Definition: empty Association Words:
Association Words:
Vacant: vac (empty); ant (that which)
Evacuate

144. 24. –ward Definition: in the direction of Association Words:
Toward: to (to); ward (in the direction of)
Homeward

145. 25. xero Definition: dry Association Words:
Xeroderma: xero (dry); derma (skin)
Xerophyte: xero (dry); phyte (plant)

146. Word Skills Lesson 16 1. aug (aux, auct)
Definition: increase, grow
Association Words:
Augment: aug (increase); ment (action)
Auction: auct (increase); tion (act of)
Increase by bidding.
Auxiliary: aux (increase); iary (pertaining to)

147. 2. blast Definition: bud, cell, embryo Association Words:
Blastogenesis: blast (bud); gen (begin); sis (process)
Reproduction by budding
Erythroblastosis: erythro; blast (cell); osis (disease)

148. 3. cranio Definition: skull Association Words:
Craniology: cranio (skull); logy (study of)
Intracranial: intra (within); crani (skull); al (related to)

149. 4. crit Definition: judge, evaluate Association Words:
Critic: crit (evaluate); ic (one who)
Hypercritical: hyper (over); crit (judge); al (related to)

150. 5. cycl Definition: circle Association Words:
Recycle: re (back, again); cycl (circle)
Cyclops: cy (circle); op (eye)
Encyclopedia: en (within); cycl (circle); pedia (instruction)

151. 6. dign Definition: worth, value Association Words:
Dignity: dign (worth); ity (state of)
Indignation: in (not); dign (worth); tion (act of)

152. 7. dorm Definition: sleep Association Words:
Dormant: dorm (sleep); ant (that which)
Dormitory: dorm (sleep); ory (place)

153. 8. -ess Definition: female Association Words:
Lioness: leo (lion); ess (female)
Princess: primus (first); ess (female)

154. 9. fend (fens) Definition: strike Association Words:
Fend: fend (strike)
Defend: de (down, from); fend (strike)
Offensive: of (against); fens (strike); ive (that which)

155. 10. hydr Definition: water Association Words:
Hydrant: hydr (water); ant (that which)
Dehydrate: de (from); hydr (water); ate (make cause)
Hydrophobia

156. 11. -ician Definition: specialist Association Words:
Musician: muse (music); ician (specialist)
Physician: physic (nature); ician (specialist)
Technician: techn (skill, art); ician (specialist)

157. 12. loco Definition: place Association Words:
Location: loco (place); ation (act of)
Locomotive: loco (place); mot (move); ive (that which)
Dislocate: dis (away); loco (place); ate (make or cause)

158. 13. mor (mort) Definition: dead, death Association Words:
Immortality: im (not); mort (death); al (related to); ity (state, condition)
Moribund: moribundus (death)
About to die
Post mortem: post (after); mort (death)

159. 14. mur Definition: wall Association Words:
Mural: mur (wall); al (pertaining to)
Immure: im (in, into); mur (wall)
Enclose within walls; to imprison
Intramurals: intra (within); mur (wall); al (pertaining to)

160. 15. nounc (nunc) Definition: speak, tell Association Words:
Pronounce: pro (forth); nounc (speak, tell)
Denounce: de (down); nounc (speak)
Enunciate: e (out); nunc (speak); ate (make, cause)

161. 16. oto Definition: ear Association Words:
Otic: ot (ear); ic (pertaining to)
Otologoy
Otitis: ot (ear); itis (inflammation

162. 17. plac Definition: please Association Words:
Placid: plac (please); id (related to)
Complacent: com (with); plac (please); ent (that which)

163. 18. pneumo Definition: lung, air Association Words:
Pneumatic: pneum (air); ic (related to)
Pneumonia: pneum (air); ia (condition)

164. 19. prob (prov) Definition: test Association Words: Probe: prob (test)
Probation: prob (test); ation (act of)
Reprove: re (again); prov (test)

165. 20. prop (propri) Definition: own, select Association Words:
Proper: prop (select); er (that which)
Suitable to select
Appropriate: ap (to); propri (own); ate (make, cause)
Proprietor: prop (own); or (one who)

166. 21. sat (satis) Definition: enough Association Words:
Satisfy: satis (enough); fy (make)
Saturate: sat (enough); ate (make)
Insatiable: in (not); sat (enough); able (able)

167. 22. scler Definition: hard, hardening Association Words:
Scleroderma: sclera (hardening); derm (skin)
Arteriosclerosis: arterio (artery); sclera (hardening); osis (disease)
Multiple sclerosis: multi (many); pli (fold); sclera (hardening); osis (disease)

168. 23. turb Definition: agitate Association Words:
Turbid: turb (agitate); id (related to)
Disturb: dis (away); turb (agitate)
Perturb: per (thoroughly); turb (agitate)

169. 24. umbra Definition: shade, shadow Association Words:
Association Words:
Umbrella: umbra (shade); ella (little)
Umbrage: umbr (shadow); age (state of)
Feeling resentment at an insult; the shadow of suspicion

170. 25. Vect Definition: carry Vector: vect (carry); or (that which)
Association Words:
Vector: vect (carry); or (that which)
Convection: con (together, with); vect (carry); ion (act of)
Invective: in (in, into); vect (carry); ive (that which)
An insult that is “carried to the heart”

171. Word Skills Lesson 17 1. ami (amic)
Definition: friend
Association Words:
Amiable: ami (friend); able (able)
Amity: ami (friend); ity (state of)
Ami: French for “friend”

172. 2. bon Definition: good Association Words: Bonus: bon (good)
Bon voyage: French for “good trip”
Bon vivant: bon (good); viv (life); ant (one who)

173. 3. counter Definition: against Association Words:
Counteract: counter (against); act (do)
Counterproductive: counter (against); pro (forth); duct (lead); ive (that which)
Counterpoint

174. 4. cryo Definition: cold, freeze Association Words:
Cryogenics: cryo (cold); gen (start); ics (science of)
Cryometer
Cryophilic: cryo (cold); phil (love, fondness); ic (related to)

175. 5. crypt Definition: secret, hidden Association Words:
Cryptic: crypt (secret); ic (related to)
Cryptogram: cryp (secrect); gram (writing)
Cryptologist

176. 6. don (dot) Definition: give Association Words:
Donor: don (give); or (one who)
Donate
Condone: con (together); don (give)
Antidote: anti (against); dot (give)

177. 7. Dur Definition: lasting, hard Association Words:
Durable: dur (lasting); able (capable of)
Duress: durece (hard)
Constraint by threat
Obdurate: ob (against); dur (hard); ate (make)

178. 8. –escent Definition: beginning to Association Words:
Adolescent: alere (nourish, grow); escent (beginning to)
Obsolescent: obsoletus (wear out); escent (beginning to)

179. 9. fig Definition: shape, mold Association Words:
Figment: fig (shape); ment (result of)
Something imagined, shaped by the mind
Transfigure: trans (across); fig (shape); ure (act of)

180. 10. gastro Definition: stomach Association Words:
Gastric: gastr (stomach); ic (related to)
Gastropod: gastr (stomach); pod (foot)
Gastroscope: gastr (stomach); scop (look)

181. 11. hier Definition: sacred, holy Association Words:
Hierarchy: hier (sacred); arch (rule); y (result of)
Hieroglyphics: hier (sacred); gulch (carving)

182. 12. -ics Definition: art, science of Association Words:
Graphics: graph (write); ic (art)
Aesthetics: aesthet (feel, perceive); ics (art)
Calisthenics: cali (beautiful); sthen (strength); ics (science of)

183. 13. log Definition: word, list, reason, speak Association Words:
Logic: log (reason); ic (science of)
Dialogue: dia (across); log (speak)

184. 14. mens Definition: measure Association Words:
Dimension: dia (across); mens (measure); ion (act of)
Immense: im (not); mens (measure)
Commensurate: com (together); mens (measure); ate (characterized by)

185. 15. -mony Definition: condition, state Association Words:
Matrimony: matri (mother); mony (state of)
Alimony: alere (nourish); mony (condition of)

186. 16. neg Definition: no, not, deny Association Words:
Negate: neg (not); ate (make)
Neglect: neg (not); lect (choose)
Renege: re (again); neg (deny)

187. 17. ode (edy, ody) Definition: sing Association Words:
Melody: melos (tune); ody (sing)
Parody: para (beside); ody (sing)
Tragedy: tragos (goat); edy (song)

188. 18. –oid Definition: like, resembling Association Words:
Android: andr (man, male); oid (resembling)
Asteroid: aster (star); oid (like)

189. 19. pat (pass) Definition: suffer, feel, endure Association Words:
Patient: pat (suffer, endure); ent (one who)
Passion: pass (feeling); ion (act of)
Compatible: com (together); pat (endure); ible (able)

190. 20. plast Definition: shape, form Association Words:
Plastic: plast (form); ic (art of)
Rhinoplasty: rhino (nose); plast (shape); y (result of)

191. 21. pter Definition: wing Association Words:
Pterodactyl: pter (wing); dactyl (finger, digit)
Helicopter: helic (spiral); pter (wing)
Pterosaur: pter (wing); saur (lizard)

192. 22. Stell Definition: star Association Words:
Stellar: stell (star); ar (related to)
Constellation: con (together); stell (star); ation (act of)
Interstellar: inter (between, among); stell (star); ar (related to)

193. 23. sect (seg) Definition: cut Association Words:
Dissect: dis (apart); sect (cut)
Segment: seg (cut); ment (result of)
Sectarian: sect (cut); ian (one who)
A “sect” is a small group of people who “cut” from a larger one

194. 24. tax Definition: order, arrange Association Words:
Taxidermy: tax (arrange); derm (skin); y (result of)
Syntax: syn (together); tax (arrange)
Taxonomy: tax (order); nom (rule, principle); y (result of)

195. 25. und (undul) Definition: wave, flow Association Words:
Abundance: ab (from); und (flow); ance (condition)
Undulate: undul (wave); ate (make, cause)
Inundate: in (in, into); und (wave); ate (make, cause)

196. Word Skills Lesson 18 1. ampl
Definition: large, great, enough
Association Words:
Ample: ampl (enough)
Amplify: ampl (large); fy (make)
Amplitude: ampl (great); tude (state of)

197. 2. -cle Definition: small Association Words:
Manacle: man (hand); cle (small) – handcuff
Spiracle: spir (breath); cle (small) – small air hole

198. 3. Culp Definition: guilt, blame Association Words:
Culprit: culp (blame)
Mea culpa: mea (my); culpa (blame)
Latin for “my bad”
Exculpate: ex (out); culp (blame) – to clear of blame

199. 4. Di Definition: day Association Words:
Dial: di (day); al (related to) – used to measure time
Diary: di (day); ary (place where)

200. 5. Dors Definition: back Association Words:
Dorsal: dors (back); al (related to)
Dorsalgia: dors (back); alg (pain); ia (state or condition of)
Endorse: en (within, on); dors (back)

201. 6. Fin Definition: end, boundary Association Words:
Final: fin (end); al (related to)
Finite: fin (end); ite (pertaining to)
Infinity: in (not); fin (end); ity (state of)

202. 7. Grav Definition: heavy, weight Association Words:
Grave: grav (heavy) – “serious”
Gravity: grav (heavy); ity (state of)
Aggravate: ag (very); grav (heavy); ate (make)

203. 8. Helio Definition: sun Association Words:
Heliocentric: helio (sun); centr (center); ic (related to)
Heliotropic: helio (sun); trop (turn); ic (related to)

204. 9. Hepat Definition: liver Association Words:
Hepatitis: hepat (liver); itis (inflammation)
Hepatotoxic: hepat (liver); tox (poison); ic (related to)

205. 10. ign Definition: fire Association Words: Ignite: ignire (fire)
Ignition: ign (fire); tion (act of)

206. 11. lev Definition: light (rise) – as in “not heavy”
Association Words:
Levitate: lev (light); ate (make)
Levity: lev (light); ity (state, quality)
Alleviate: al (very); lev (light); ate (make)

207. 12. luna Definition: moon Association Words:
Lunar: luna (moon); ar (pertaining to)
Lunacy: luna (moon); acy (state or quality)
Lunarnaut: luna (moon); naut (sail)

208. 13. mund Definition: world Association Words:
Mundane: mund (world); ane (pertaining to)
Transmundane: trans (across); mund (world); ane (pertaining to)

209. 14. nephr Definition: kidney Association Words:
Nephrology: nephr (kidney); logy (study of)
Nephrectomy: nephr (kidney); ec (out); tomy (cut)

210. 15. -oma Definition: tumor Association Words:
Melanoma: melan (dark); oma (tumor)
Hematoma: hema (blood); oma (tumor)
Localized swelling filled with blood

211. 16. paleo Definition: old, ancient Association Words:
Paleontologist: paleo (ancient); log (study of); ist (one who)
Paleozoic: paleo (ancient); zo (animal); ic (related to)
Paleography: paleo (ancient); graph (write); y (result of)

212. 17. Parl Definition: speak, talk Association Words:
Parliament: parl (speak); ment (action, process)
Parlor: parl (talk)
Parley: parl (speak)
To speak with the enemy about conditions

213. 18. punc (pung) Definition: point, stab Association Words:
Puncture: punc (stab); ure (act of)
Punctuate: punc (point); ate (make)
Pungent: pung (stab); ent (full of)

214. 19. rap (rapt) Definition: seize, grasp Association Words:
Rapid: rap (seize); id (related to) – moving, acting with great speed
Raptor: rap (seize); or (that which)
Rapacious: rap (seize); cious (full of) – greedy

215. 20. sal (sault, sult) Definition: leap, jump, spring forward
Association Words:
Assault: as (to, toward); sault (leap)
Desultory: de (from); sult (jump); ory (related to) – random, “jumping around”

216. 21. Sen Definition: old Association Words: Senior: sen (old)
Senility: sen (old); ity (state of)

217. 22. solv (solu) Definition: loosen, release Association Words:
Solvent: solv (loosen); ent (that which)
Soluble: solu (loosen); able (capable of)
Dissolve: dis (apart); solv (loosen)

218. 23. strat Definition: layer Association Words:
Strata: strata (layer) – a natural or artificial layer
Substrata: sub (under); strata (layer)
Stratosphere: strata (layer); sphere (circle)

219. 24. tox Definition: poison Association Words: Toxin: tox (poison)
Toxemia: tox (poison); emia (blood condition)
Detoxification: de (away); tox (poison); fic (make); ation (act of)

220. 25. ut (util, us) Definition: use Association Words: Utensil: ut (use)
Utilitarianism: util (use); ian (one who); ism (doctrine, belief)
Belief that the best action is the one that works out for everyone

221. Word Skills Lesson 19 1. –arium (-orium, -ary)
Definition: place
Association Words:
Apiary: api (bee); ary (place)
Auditorium: audi (hear); orium (place)
Terrarium: terr (land); arium (place)

222. 2. Cand Definition: glow, burn, white Association Words:
Candle: candere (shine, glow)
Candid: cand (white); id (related to) – “white” as in “honest”
Candidate: candidus (white)
Romans seeking office wore white robes

223. 3. Chrom Definition: color Association Words:
Achromatic: a (without); chrom (color); ic (related to)
Chromophil: chrom (color); phil (fondness)
Capable of being dyed easily

224. 4. cis (cid) Definition: cut Association Words:
Incision: in (in, into); cis (cut); ion (act of)
Decide: de (down); cid (cut)
Imprecise: im (not); pre (before); cis (cut)

225. 5. crim (crimin) Definition: fault, accusation, charge
Association Words:
Criminal: crimin (charge); al (related to)
Incriminate: in (in, into); crimin (accusation); ate (make)
Recriminate: re (again); crimin (accuse); ate (make)

226. 6. Cumb Definition: lie down Association Words:
Succumb: suc (under); cumb (lie down)
Incumbent: in (in); cumb (lie down); ent (one who)

227. 7. drom Definition: a running Association Words:
Hippodrome: hippo (horse); drom (a running)
A stadium or arena for horse racing
Palindrome: palin (backward); drom (a running)
A word that “runs” backward in the same sense as forward (i.e. racecar)

228. 8. Eco Definition: house (environment) Association Words:
Economy: eco (house); nom (law, principle); y (result of)
Ecology: eco (house); logy (study of)
Relationship between organisms and their environment
Ecosphere: eco (house); sphere (circle)
Regions of the universe that are capable of supporting living things

229. 9. fug Definition: flee, escape Association Words:
Fugitive: fug (flee); ive (pertaining to)
Refugee: re (back); fug (flee); ee (one who)
Subterfuge: subter (secretly); fug (flee)
A deceptive strategy or device

230. 10. Hypno Definition: sleep Association Words:
Hypnosis: hypno (sleep); osis (condition)
Hypnology: hypno (sleep); logy (study of)
Hypnophobia

231. 11. juv (juven) Definition: young Association Words:
Juvenile: juven (young); ile (like, resembling)
Rejuvenate: re (again); juven (young); ate (make)
Juvescent: juv (young); escent (beginning to)

232. 12. lys (lysis, lyze) Definition: loosen, break down
Association Words:
Analyze: ana (apart); lyze (loosen)
Hemolysis: hemo (blood); lysis (break down)
Dialysis: dia (apart, through); lysis (loosen)

233. 13. Misc Definition: mixture Association Words:
Miscellaneous: misc (mixture); ous (full of)
Immiscible: im (not); misc (mixture); ible (able)

234. 14. Narco Definition: sleep, numb Association Words:
Narcotic: narco (sleep); ic (related to)
Narcolepsy: narco (sleep); lepsy (attack)
Narcoanalyze: narco (sleep); ana (apart); lyze (loosen)
Type of analysis done while patient is in a drug-induced state

235. 15. necr (nic) Definition: death Association Words:
Necrophobia: necro (death); phobia (fear of)
Pernicious: per (thoroughly); nic (death); ous (full of)

236. 16. olig (oligo) Definition: few Association Words:
Oligarchy: olig (few); archy (rule); y (result of)
Oligophagous: olig (few); phag (eat); ous (full of)
Oligopoly: olig (few); pol (sell); y (result of)
The economic market condition when there are so few sellers that the action of one can impact prices.

237. 17. pac (peas) Definition: peace, quiet Association Words:
Pacify: pac (quiet); fy (make)
Appease: ap (to); peas (quiet)

238. 18. plegia Definition: paralysis Association Words:
Hemiplegia: hemi (half); plegia (paralysis)
Monoplegia: mono (one); plegia (paralysis)
Paralysis of one limb
Quadriplegia: quadr (four); plegia (paralysis)

239. 19. Purg Definition: clean, cleanse Association Words:
Purge: purg (cleanse)
Expurgate: ex (out); purg (cleanse); ate (cause)
To remove something, usually morally offensive
Purgatory: purg (cleanse); ory (place)

240. 20. quest (quer, quir, quis) Definition: ask, seek Association Words:
Inquest: in (into); quest (ask)
Conquer: con (together); quer (seek)
Exquisite: ex (out); quis (seek); ite (pertaining to)
Sought for its unusual qualities

241. 21. Reg Definition: rule, king Association Words:
Regal: reg (king); al (related to)
Regiment: reg (rule); ment (result) – group that follows the rule of someone
Regicide: reg (king); cide (kill)

242. 22. sist Definition: place, stand, stay Association Words:
Consistent: con (together); sist (stay); ent (that which)
Desist: de (from); sist (stay)
Persistence: per (thorough); sist (stay); ence (state of)

243. 23. surg (surrect) Definition: rise Association Words:
Surge: surg (rise)
Insurgent: in (in); surg (rise); ent (one who)
Resurrect: re (again); surrect (rise)

244. 25. val (vail) Definition: strong, worth Association Words:
Valid: val (strong); id (characterized by)
Equivalent: equi (same); val (strong); ent (that which)
Prevail: pre (before); vail (strong)

245. 24. tribut Definition: pay Association Words: Tribute: tribut (pay)
Contribution: con (together); tribut (pay); tion (act of)
Retribution: re (again); tribut (pay); tion (act of)

246. Unit 2 Vocabulary
Adjourn: (v.) to stop proceedings for a time; to move to another place
Alien: (n.) a citizen of another country; (adj.) foreign, starnge

247. Comely: (adj.) having a pleasing appearance
Compensate: (v.) to make up for; to repay with services

248. Dissolute: (adj.) loose is one’s morals or behavior
Erratic: (adj.) not regular or consistent; different from what is ordinarily expected; undependable

249. Expulsion: (n.) the process of driving or forcing out
Feint: (n.) a deliberately deceptive movement; a pretense; (v.) to make a deceptive movement

250. Fodder: (n.) food for horses or cattle; raw material for a designated purpose
Fortify: (v.) To strengthen, build up

251. Illegible: (adj.) difficult or impossible to read
Jeer: (v.) to make fun of rudely or unkindly; (n.) a rude remark or derision

252. Lucrative: (adj.) bringing in money profitable
Mediocre: (adj.) average, ordinary, undistinguished

253. Proliferate: (v.) to reproduce, increase, or spread rapidly
Subjugate (v.) to conquer by force, bring under complete control

254. Sully: (v.) to soil, stain, tarnish, defile, besmirch
Tantalize: (v.) to tease, torment by teasing

255. Terse: (adj.) brief and to the point
Unflinching: (adj.) firm, showing no signs of fear, not drawing back