1. Immigration as Invasion: Native America Encounters with Europeans, 1492-1874
Course Housekeeping…Any Questions?
Introduction: The Fate of Native Peoples
Why did invasion and colonization by Europeans so marginalize Indians?
Diversity and Division among Native Groups
Nature of Interactions between Indians and Non-Indians
-- The Power of Invisible Things
-- Examples from the Northwest Coast
Europeans’ Biological Baggage
Plants, Animals, Diseases
Examples of Disease on the Northwest Coast,

2. Comparative European Population Growth in North America by 1750
New France: 55,000
New Spain: 860,000
English Colonies: 1,250,000 (including Africans)

3. European Colonizers as of 1750 Native Populations as of 1492
Comparative Populations in North America
European Colonizers as of 1750
New France: 55,000
New Spain: 860,000
English Colonies: 1,250,000 (including Africans)
Native Populations as of 1492
In Lands that became the United States: 7-12 million
In Mexico: million

4. Anthropologists tend to group Native peoples by climate, landform, and resource features (coasts, desert, forests, arctic, etc.).

5. In 1492, the demographic, linguistic, and cultural diversity of Native Americans was immense.

6. Capt Cook on the Northwest Coast, 1778

7. Makah Fashions

8. Sea Otter: Global Commodity

9. Spread of Horses on to the Great
Plains in 1600s-1700s

10. Native American migration on to Great Plains, 1515-1800,
in response to Indian nations’ adoption of the horse

12. Europeans and Native Americans Gave Each Other New Kinds of Disease, but the Types of Sickness Were Not Equal. European Epidemics Proved Much More Deadly.

13. First recorded outbreak of smallpox, 1770s-90s
Impact of imported epidemic diseases on the Northwest Coast of North America:
First recorded outbreak of smallpox, 1770s-90s

14. Second recorded outbreak of smallpox on the Northwest Coast, early 1800s.

15. Smallpox epidemic of early 1850s

16. Spread of malaria epidemic from lower Columbia and Willamette River basins to California, early 1830s.

17. Measles epidemic, later 1840s.

18. Native Depopulation on the Northwest Coast, 1774-1874
1774 Native Population: approximately 180,000
1874 Native Population: approximately 36,000
Population decline of 80% over 100 years
Due primarily to epidemic and chronic diseases,
but also resulting from war, homicide,
starvation, and sharply declining birth rates

19. Indian Burial Canoe, Northwest Coast:
European explorers and artists fixated
on the funereal customs of indigenous peoples,
in part because death seemed ubiquitous.