1. Chapter 12 Section 3 Notes
The War at Home
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2. Mobilizing the Nation Government set up programs to Finance the War
Conserve Scarce Resources
Redirect Industry and Labor toward Wartime production
Mobilize support through propaganda

3. Directing the Economy William McAdoo Sec. of Treasury
Raise money to pay for the war
Cost $35 billion including loans to Allies
Issued 4 Liberty Bonds and Victory Bond drives

4. Increased taxes
Increased taxes on Business and Personal incomes in October 1917
Raised $10 billion

5. War Boards
Established war boards which coordinated government, business, and industry
Sweeping power without complete control
Set prices
Set production levels
Regulated crucial businesses

6. Conserving Resources Food Administration Headed by Herbert Hoover
Regulate the production and supply of food
Encourage increased agricultural production
To stimulate production guaranteed high prices
921 million bushels produced in 1919
Conserve existing food supplies
Wheatless days and meatless days
Plant “victory gardens”

7. Fuel Administration
Harry Garfield– son of James Garfield former president
Heatless Monday’s
When coal ran short in 1918 closed factories east of Mississippi for several days

8. Organizing Industry Railroad Administration William McAdoo leader
Reorganized railroads with limits on transportation rates and workers wages

9. War Industries Board (WIB)
Led by Bernard Baruch
Responsible for
Allocating scarce materials
Establishing production priorities
Setting prices
Preferred to get owners to cooperate but threat of takeover when necessary
Some thought government intervention would damage free enterprise system but changed minds when profits soared

10. Mobilizing Workers Organized Labor
Because of draft and slower immigration workforce decreases
Industry has a shortage of labor
Unions take advantage of situation
4500 strikes involving 1 million workers in 1917 alone

11. National War Labor Board (NWLB)
Forms in April 1918
Arbitrates disputes between workers and employers
1200 cases heard– usually rule in favor of union
Because of success of unions membership in AFL grows to 3.2 million in 1919

12. Labor Shortage
Strengthened unions and brought changes in workforce
Number of women in workforce grows by 6% to 1.5 million during war

13. Wartime Mobilization
Carrie Chapman Catt– headed Women’s Committee of the Council of National Defense
Harriet Stanton Blatch– headed Food Administration Speakers Bureau
Womens efforts in wartime helped secure passage of 19th Amendment– gave them the right to vote
Wilson supports passage in recognition of their efforts

14. Volunteerism Americans voluntarily Conserved energy
Recycled essential materials
Planted “Victory Gardens”
Purchased Liberty and Victory Bonds

15. Juliette Gordon Low
Founded Girl Scouts of America in 1915
Grew from 500 girls in 1915 to 168,000 in 1927

16. Great Trek North
Mexicans were fleeing Revolution in Mexico in the late 1910’s
Also were workers in Southwest U.S.
150,000 migrated north to U.S. during the war

17. Great Migration Southern Blacks moved north to work in industrial jobs
Fleeing discrimination and poor living conditions in the South
Better standard of living
Racial violence still a problem
July 2, 1917 East St. Louis– white rioters kill at least 39 blacks

18. Influencing Attitudes
Committee on Public Information (CPI)
Formed in Spring of 1917 and led by George Creel