1. Pathways regulating autophagy
Pathways regulating autophagy. Two of the primary regulators of autophagy are growth factor signaling and cellular stress. Growth factor signaling pathways that lead to activation of mTORC1 (green boxes) inhibit autophagy, whereas cellular stress caused by nutrient starvation enhance autophagy through activation of AMPK (red boxes). These pathways not only interact with one another, but also with other pathways including apoptosis pathways as described in the text. See Figure 35-5 for the effect of mTOR inhibitors as immunosuppressants.
Source: Pharmacodynamics: Molecular Mechanisms of Drug Action, Goodman & Gilman's: The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 13e
Citation: Brunton LL, Hilal-Dandan R, Knollmann BC. Goodman & Gilman's: The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 13e; 2017 Available at: Accessed: December 19, 2017
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