1. Wake-up Which of the following is NOT homologous to the human arm?
a. Whale forelimb
b. Insect wing
c. Bat forelimb
Explain how a seal and penguin are an example of convergent evolution.

2. Wake-up
A 15.5lbs baby was born in China and survived. How does this go against Natural Selection (sorry baby and family)?
What is meant by fittest?

3. Wake-up
Brown hair (B) is dominant to blond hair (b). There are 168 brown hairs in a population of 200.
Find the frequency of the heterozygous genotype.
Find the frequency of the homozygous dominant genotype.
Find the frequency of the homozygous recessive genotype.

4. Speciation
Christopherson

5. What is Speciation?
Formation of a new species; one species changing over time becoming two species

6. What is a species?
Organisms that can interbreed and produce viable (usable) and fertile (able to reproduce) offspring

7. Can these birds interbreed????
NO: They have similar body and colorations, but are different species because of their songs and other behaviors; do not interbreed
Can these birds interbreed????
Eastern Meadowlark
Western Meadowlark

8. How does Speciation occur?
Biological barriers prevent species from producing viable and fertile offspring; reproductively isolated

9. Isolating mechanism: Geographic Isolation
Separation of of species by a geographical feature such as a river, mountain range, ocean, or desert

11. Darwin’s Finches
Finch species have become adapted for different diets: seeds, insects, flowers, the blood of seabirds, and leaves.

12. Isolated by the Galapagos Islands

13. Harris Antelope Squirrel and Tassel Eared Squirrel in the Grand Canyon

14. Isolating mechanism: Habitat Isolation
Occurs when two species live in different habitats within the same area.
Do not interbreed

15. Ex: Two species of Garter snakes-Thamnophis
One lives in water and the other is terrestrial (lives on land)

16. Ex - Lions and Tigers could interbreed, but live in different habitats
Lions live in the grasslands and tigers live in the forest

17. Isolating mechanism: Temporal Isolation
Species breed at different times of the day, different seasons, or different years
Do not interbreed

18. Example: Skunks Western Spotted Skunk Eastern Spotted Skunk
Reproduce late summer
Eastern Spotted Skunk
Reproduce late winter

19. Example: Frogs

20. Isolating mechanism: Behavioral Isolation
Species have unique courtship behaviors to attract mates.
Do no interbreed

21. Example: Blue Footed Booby

22. Example: Birds of Paradise Planet Earth: Jungles

23. *Example: Peacock Spider

24. Post-Reproductive Isolation
Interbreeding occurred
Result: Unhealthy and Sterile if born at all

25. Can a zebra and a horse reproduce?
Horse has 64 chromosomes
Zebra has 32/46 chromosomes depending on the species

26. Zorse: Infertile organism with 54 chromosomes

27. Can a horse and a donkey reproduce?
Horse has 64 chromosomes
Donkey has 62 chromosomes

28. Mule: Has 63 chromosomes and very vigorous, but sterile