1. Coalition 2000 THE CORRUPTION MONITORING SYSTEM OF
COALITION 2000: METHODOLOGY & SURVEY RESULTS

2. Methodology
The Corruption Monitoring System is based on regularly conducted empirical studies. It includes:
- quantitative surveys;
- qualitative surveys;
- media monitoring.

3. Main objectives CMS is a diagnostic tool, which main objectives are:
To evaluate the status of corruption in different areas of public life.
To map the specific characteristics of the perceptions of the general public, public officials, experts, and political decision makers.
To periodically present information, which would enable conclusions about the scope of corruption in the country, as well about the related public attitudes, assessments and expectations.

4. Results
The major output of the Corruption Monitoring System are the Corruption Indexes of Coalition 2000.
Corruption indexes are a system of synthetic indicators, which present the results from CMS surveys in a summarized form. They evaluate/measure the level of proliferation of corrupt practices in different spheres of society.
The Corruption Indexes of Coalition 2000 are published four times a year.

5. Presentation of the results
The full analysis of the findings produced from the CMS is presented in the Corruption Assessment Report (CAR).
The CAR is prepared on a yearly basis and presented at the Public Policy Forum.
The empirical information collected through the CMS surveys is made available (on demand) to research agencies and government bodies in Bulgaria, as well as to international organizations for further analysis and reporting.
The main results of the corruption monitoring are available at the web site of Coalition 2000:

6. Monitoring
Corruption monitoring system
Corruption Indexes

7. Corruption Indexes of Coalition 2000

8. Corruption Indexes Corruption indexes assume values from 0-10.
The closer the value of the index is to 10, the more negative are the assessments of the evaluated aspect of the corruption in the country.
Index numbers close to 0 indicate approximation to the ideal of a “corruption-free” society.
Corruption indexes are grouped into several categories:
- Attitudes towards corruption; - Involvement in corruption (victimization); - Assessment of the spread of corruption; - Corruption-related expectations.

9. Survey results

10. Regional Corruption Monitoring
SELDI

11. Methodology Quantitative surveys of the population (18+)
In-home face-to-face interviews
Random probability sample. N=1000
Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Macedonia, Romania, and Yugoslavia
Fieldwork: January 2002 – February 2002

12. Main Problems Faced by the Balkan Countries
2002

13. Political instability 46.0 13.1 55.9 11.6 35.3 57.7
Albania
Bosnia
and Herzegovina
Bulgaria
Macedonia
Romania
Croatia
Serbia
Montenegro
Unemployment
44.8
60.9
68.9
58.2
33.9
78.5
38.0
51.1
Low incomes
40.8
39.3
47.0
26.7
49.4
44.2
33.6
37.2
Poverty
28.2
31.9
42.7
43.9
57.4
28.7
44.4
43.4
Corruption
68.4
48.3
35.1
31.2
59.9
41.1
37.3
35.9
Crime
24.6
32.8
32.9
23.9
12.5
30.4
41.4
30.1
High prices
23.3
13.9
20.9
7.8
35.6
18.4
24.0
17.7
Political instability
46.0
13.1
55.9
11.6
35.3
57.7
Ethnic problems
2.4
17.1
1.4
40.7
1.6
3.6
8.2
5.2

14. Corruption Indexes

15. Acceptability in Principle
This index reflects the level of social acceptability of different corruption practices.

16. Acceptability in Principle

17. Susceptibility to Corruption
This index measures the tendency of citizens to make compromises with their values under pressure of circumstances.

18. Susceptibility to Corruption

19. Corruption Pressure
This index measures the frequency of the attempts of public sector employees to directly or indirectly to receive money, gifts or services.

20. Corruption Pressure

21. Groups of public sector officials 2002
Corruption Pressure
Groups of public sector officials
2002

22. Albania
Bosnia
and Herzegovina
Bulgaria
Macedonia
Romania
Croatia
Serbia
Montenegro
Police officer
54.13
30.49
19.90
17.31
25.23
16.51
45.68
39.50
Customs officer
54.88
16.20
18.55
25.32
29.60
7.36
52.60
29.67
Doctor
51.78
22.77
17.96
23.93
34.38
11.47
39.08
18.87
University professor or official
27.85
11.11
14.29
14.43
12.97
4.70
26.61
10.12
Businessman
12.77
12.96
10.77
14.08
18.59
10.71
30.35
14.45
Municipal official
50.67
22.91
9.96
19.67
19.70
8.27
25.12
20.79
Tax official
50.43
12.19
5.29
24.08
7.98
3.45
23.49
17.24
Member of parliament
19.00
4.86
2.08
20.57
2.53
1.08
8.59
4.55

23. Personal Involvement in Corrupt Practices
This index reflects the level of participation of respondents in different forms of corrupt behavior, i.e. it reflects the real number of corrupt actions in the last three months.

24. Personal Involvement in Corrupt Practices

25. Spread of Corruption
This index registers citizens’ assessments of the degree of spread of corruption among employees in the public sphere.

26. Spread of Corruption

27. Spread of corruption among Public Officials…
2002

28. Albania
Bosnia
and Herzegovina
Bulgaria
Macedonia
Romania
Croatia
Serbia
Montenegro
Customs officers
89.8
62.2
74.15
83.1
54.9
51.5
77.8
63.4
Lawyers
58.9
46.5
55.53
44.7
49.5
44.6
60.6
33.4
Public prosecutors
64.3
41.2
55.35
50.2
41.3
36.6
48.9
37.8
Tax officials
80.1
59.7
51.26
75.0
32.5
48.0
54.6
47.2
Members of parliament
60.4
46.6
47.78
77.0
54.5
41.4
43.9
39.3
Police officers
65.6
59.2
47.00
53.9
55.3
47.5
66.7
51.0
Doctors
61.2
58.3
45.78
47.8
52.4
47.6
70.2
57.1
Ministers
76.5
54.4
45.34
77.5
45.1
40.5
46.1
52.3
Political party and coalition leaders
44.3
42.99
64.4
45.8
43.5
60.0
51.1
Municipal officials
56.4
39.34
39.1
45.6
50.3
45.2
Local political leaders
42.6
62.6
34.38
57.7
40.0
46.84

29. Spread of Corruption in Institutions…
2002

30. Albania
Bosnia
and Herzegovina
Bulgaria
Macedonia
Romania
Croatia
Serbia
Montenegro
Customs
8,99
7,81
8,95
8,84
8,22
7,07
8,52
7,85
Privatization Agency
7,34
7,66
8,57
8,24
8,16
7,30
7,70
Judiciary
8,33
7,11
8,21
7,86
7,00
7,57
6,80
Agency for Foreign Investment
7,60
6,33
7,75
8,02
6,40 -
7,51
8,00
Tax offices
8,59
7,89
7,72
6,93
7,32
Industry line ministries
8,11
7,14
8,76
6,48
7,40
6,94
Police
7,64
7,47
7,22
7,44
7,05
7,88
7,36
Municipal government
7,01
7,38
6,95
6,90
Government
8,40
7,56
6,87
8,58
6,04
6,31
6,60
*Scores close to 1 correspond to low spread of corruption, those close to 10 - to highest degree of proliferation

31. Practical effectiveness of corruption
This index shows the assessments of citizens of the degree to which corruption is becoming an effective means of solving practical problems.

32. Practical effectiveness of corruption

33. Corruption Expectations
This index reflects the assessment of the possibilities (potential) of the society to cope with corruption.

34. Corruption Expectations

35. Transparency International Indexes

36. The Corruption Perceptions Index
This index relates to perceptions of the degree of corruption as seen by business people and risk analysts. It ranges between 10 (highly clean) and 0 (highly corrupt).

37. Table 1. Countries, ranked as “highly clean”
Country
Rank for 2002
2002
CPI score
2001
CPI Score
2000 1
Finland
9.7
9.9
10.0 2
Denmark
9.5
9.8
New Zealand
9.4 4
Iceland
9.2
9.1 5
Singapore
9.3
Sweden
9.0 7
Canada
8.9
Luxembourg
8.7
8.6
Netherlands
8.8 10
United Kingdom
8.3

38. Table 2. Countries, among which Bulgaria is ranked
Country
Rank for 2002
2002
CPI score
2001
CPI Score
2000 44
Greece
4.2
4.9 45
Brazil
4.0
3.9
Bulgaria
3.5
Jamaica NA
Peru
4.1
4.4
Poland 50
Ghana
3.4 51
Croatia
3.8
3.7 52
Czech Republic
4.3
Latvia
Morocco
Slovak Republic
Sri Lanka

39. Table 3. Countries, ranked as “highly corrupt”
Country
Rank for 2002
2002
CPI score
2001
CPI Score
2000 88
Kazakhstan
2.3
2.7
3.0 89
Bolivia
2.2
2.0
Cameroon
Ecuador
2.6
Haiti NA 93
Moldova
2.1
3.1
Uganda
1.9 95
Azerbaijan
1.5 96
Indonesia
1.7
Kenya 98
Angola
Madagascar
Paraguay
101
Nigeria
1.6
1.0
1.2
102
Bangladesh
0.4

40. Bribe Payers Index
This index ranks leading exporting countries in terms of the degree to which international companies with their headquarters in those countries are likely to pay bribes to senior public officials in key emerging market economies. In that sense, it measures the supply side of bribery in the countries where the bribes are paid.

41. Table 1. Countries, which companies are “not very likely” to offer or pay bribes
Rank
Country
2002
1999 1
Australia
8.5
8.1 2
Sweden
8.4
8.3
Switzerland
7.7 4
Austria
8.2
7.8 5
Canada 6
Netherlands
7.4
Belgium
6.8 8
United Kingdom
6.9
7.2 9
Singapore
6.3
5.7
Germany
6.2 11
Spain
5.8
5.3

42. Table 2. Countries, which companies are “very likely” to offer or pay bribes
Rank
Country
2002
1999 12
France
5.5
5.2 13
USA
5.3
6.2
Japan
5.1 15
Malaysia
4.3
3.9
Hong Kong NA 17
Italy
4.1
3.7 18
South Korea
3.4 19
Taiwan
3.8
3.5 20
China (People's Republic)
3.1 21
Russia
3.2
Domestic companies
1.9