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Cell Growth and Division
Biology Ms. Lew
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Vocabulary (p. 90-91) Cell Cycle Chromatin Chromosome DNA overload
Interphase Sister Chromatid Spindle Fiber Interphase Sister Chromatid Spindle Fiber
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What is the cell cycle? Interphase Mitosis Cytokinesis
During the cell cycle, a “parent” cell grows and divides to form 2 “daughter” cells. The cycle has three main stages Interphase Mitosis Cytokinesis
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Remember the two reasons why cells divide rather than continue to grow larger:
DNA Overload __________________________________ _________________________________DNA overload is when the DNA has too many tasks to do (such as making proteins) and not enough DNA to get the job done efficiently. Exchanging Materials
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The Cell Cycle Animation
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G1 M S G2
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Interphase – G1 , S & G2 During Interphase cells:
G1 phase: Grow to mature size Mitochondria and chloroplasts are duplicated S phase: Replicate (copy) DNA G2 phase: Prepare for cell division Cell grows Most of a cells life is spent in Interphase.
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Chromosomes Are made of DNA, histones, chromatin
Each chromosome consists of sister chromatids attached at a centromere Each sister chromatid is an exact copy
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P M A T Mitosis – M phase The cells nucleus divides into two nuclei
There are four phases Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase P M A T
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Animal Cell Mitosis- Video
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Prophase 1st stage of Mitosis Chromatin condenses into chromosomes
Centrioles separate and a spindle fiber begins to form. Nuclear membrane breaks down
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Prophase
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Metaphase 2nd Phase of Mitosis
Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell. Each chromosome is connected to a spindle fiber.
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Metaphase
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Anaphase 3rd Phase of Mitosis
The sister chromatids separate at the centromere and move to opposite ends of the cell.
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Anaphase
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Telophase 4th Stage of Mitosis
Chromosomes gather at opposite ends of the cells and lose their shapes (return to chromatin form) Two new nuclear membranes form, one for each cell.
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Telophase
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Cytokinesis The cytoplasm pinches in half.
Each daughter cell has an identical set of duplicate chromosomes
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Cytokinesis
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Overview sim
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Plant cell mitosis
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And Another one…
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