1. Cell Communication

2. Cell Communication Communication between living cells
Allows for cells to work together for certain functions
All cells rely on cell-to-cell communication

3. Cell Communication 3 Steps: Reception Transduction Response
Proteins that receive signal from molecule outside cell
Transduction
Amplifying signal for a response
Response
Result of the signal

4. Cell Communication Signaling
Two main types of signaling:
Local signaling = through direct contact allowing signaling molecules to pass to other cell
Cell-to-cell communication
Long distance signaling = specialized cells release hormones and send them to other parts of body

5. Cells and Their Signaling
Skin cells = local signaling
Ex. if one cells injured, surrounding cells receive signal and send signals to seal injuries

6. Cells and Their Signaling
Neurons (nerve cells) = local signaling
Nervous system
Receive sensory input from internal and external environments, integrate the input, and respond to the stimulus

7. Cells and Their Signaling
All cells secrete hormonal message to other cells (long distance)
Hormones = chemical messengers that circulate in blood

8. Some Hormones
Growth Hormone (pituitary gland) = stimulates growth and cell reproduction

9. Some Hormones
Oxytocin (pituitary gland) = releases breast milk and part of mother-child bond

10. Some Hormones
Insulin (pancreas) = regulating blood sugar levels

11. Some Hormones Estrogen (ovary) = female sex characteristics
Testosterone (testes) = male sex characteristics