1. They are everywhere.. In your food In your house EVEN IN YOU!!!!!
Acids & Bases
They are everywhere..
In your food
In your house
EVEN IN YOU!!!!!
Dr Seemal Jelani
8/25/2018

2. What is an acid?
An acid is a solution that has an excess of H+ ions. It comes from the Latin word acidus that means "sharp" or "sour".
The more H + ions, the more acidic the solution.
Dr Seemal Jelani
8/25/2018

3. Properties of an Acid Tastes Sour Conduct Electricity
Corrosive, which means they break down certain substances
Many acids can corrode fabric, skin, and paper
Dr Seemal Jelani
8/25/2018

4. Introduction to Acids (con’t)
Lactic acid is also produced by bacteria in milk – this is why milk turns sour.
Acids occur naturally in many fruits.
Insects such as millipedes, scorpions, and ants use acids to deter predators.
A physician may use a solution of boric acid to rinse out your eyes, but a drop or two of many other acids would blind you.
Some acids add a tangy, sour flavour to foods and drinks, while others are deadly.

5. Some acids react strongly with metals Turns blue litmus paper red
Dr Seemal Jelani
8/25/2018

6. Definitions Lewis Acids – produce H+ Bases - produce OH-
Acids – donate H+
Bases – accept H+
Acids – accept e- pair
Bases – donate e- pair
Arrehenius
only in water
Bronsted-Lowry
any solvent
Lewis
used in organic chemistry,
wider range of substances
Dr Seemal Jelani
8/25/2018

7. Examples Arrhenius Bronsted-Lowry Lewis :NH3
The hydrogen ion in aqueous solution
H H2O  H3O+ (hydronium ion)
Examples
Arrhenius
HCl
NaOH
Bronsted-Lowry
HCl
HCN
NH3
Lewis
BF3
:NH3
Dr Seemal Jelani
8/25/2018

8. Word Connect
The word “acid” comes from the Latin acidus, meaning “sour”
Think of the taste of fruits such as lemons or limes
These fruits contain citric acid
Vinegar, a common household product, contains acetic acid.

9. This word shows the Arabic origin of chemistry
Chemists sometimes use the term “alkali” for a base that is soluble in water
This word shows the Arabic origin of chemistry
The earliest source of bases was the ash obtained by burning plants
Thus the Arabic word alkali means “ashes of a plant.”
Dr Seemal Jelani
8/25/2018

10. Uses of Acids Acetic Acid = Vinegar
Citric Acid = lemons, limes, & oranges. It is in many sour candies such as lemonhead & sour patch.
Dr Seemal Jelani
8/25/2018

11. Ascorbic acid = Vitamin C which your body needs to function.
Sulfuric acid is used in the production of fertilizers, steel, paints, and plastics.
Car batteries
Dr Seemal Jelani
8/25/2018

12. What is a base? A base is a solution that has an excess of OH- ions.
Another word for base is alkali.
Bases are substances that can accept hydrogen ions
Dr Seemal Jelani
8/25/2018

13. Bases are bitter-tasting compounds with a slippery feel.
Most soaps and drain and window cleaners are bases.

14. Properties of a Base Feel Slippery Taste Bitter Corrosive
Can conduct electricity. (Think alkaline batteries.)
Do not react with metals.
Turns red litmus paper blue.
Dr Seemal Jelani
8/25/2018

15. Uses of Bases
Bases give soaps, ammonia, and many other cleaning products some of their useful properties.
Dr Seemal Jelani
8/25/2018

16. Your blood is a basic solution.
The OH- ions interact strongly with certain substances, such as dirt and grease.
Chalk and oven cleaner are examples of familiar products that contain bases.
Your blood is a basic solution.
Dr Seemal Jelani
8/25/2018

17. Defining Indicators
Two of the most common indicators are phenolphthalein and litmus.
Litmus is a compound that is extracted from lichens, a plant-like member of the fungi kingdom
Litmus paper is made by dipping paper in litmus solution.

18. The Oxides of Elements
Oxides of many elements react with water to form an acid or a base.
An oxide is a compound that consists of an element combined with only oxygen
For example, CO (carbon monoxide), CO2 (carbon dioxide), and Al2O3 (aluminum oxide) are oxides. H2SO4 and HNO3 are not.

19. pH Scale pH is a measure of how acidic or basic a solution is.
The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14.
Acidic solutions have pH values below 7
A solution with a pH of 0 is very acidic.
A solution with a pH of 7 is neutral.
Pure water has a pH of 7.
Basic solutions have pH values above 7.
Dr Seemal Jelani
8/25/2018

20. Acid – Base Reactions
A reaction between an acid and a base is called neutralization. An acid-base mixture is not as acidic or basic as the individual starting solutions.
Dr Seemal Jelani
8/25/2018

21. Acid – Base reactions
Each salt listed in this table can be formed by the reaction between an acid and a base.
Dr Seemal Jelani
8/25/2018

22. General properties ACIDS Taste sour Turn litmus
React with active metals – Fe, Zn
React with bases
BASES
Taste bitter
Turn litmus
Feel soapy or slippery (react with fats to make soap)
React with acids
Dr Seemal Jelani
8/25/2018
blue to red
red to blue

23. Neutralization In general: Acid + Base  Salt + Water
All neutralization reactions are double displacement reactions.
HCl NaOH  NaCl HOH
HCl Mg(OH)2 
H2SO NaHCO3 
Dr Seemal Jelani
8/25/2018

24. Strong and Weak Acids/Bases
Strong acids/bases – 100% dissociation into ions
HCl NaOH
HNO3 KOH
H2SO4
Weak acids/bases – partial dissociation, both ions and molecules
CH3COOH NH3
Dr Seemal Jelani
8/25/2018

25. When life goes either way amphoteric (amphiprotic) substances
Acting like
a base
Acting like an acid
HCO3-
+ H+
- H+
H2CO3
CO3-2
accepts H+
donates H+
Dr Seemal Jelani
8/25/2018