1. Modesto Introduction and Overview
Brian Howell
Product Management
Novell, Inc.

2. Vision…one Net Mission
A world where networks of all types—corporate and public, intranets, extranets, and the Internet—work together as one Net and securely connect employees, customers, suppliers, and partners across organizational boundaries
Mission
To solve complex business and technical challenges with Net business solutions that enable people, processes, and systems to work together and our customers to profit from the opportunities of a networked world

4. The Momentum of Technology: Size Decreases, Power Increases
General-purpose systems:
all things to all users
Mainframe
Mini
Mini-cluster
Universal
server
Rack
“brick”
Single-purpose systems:
many small specialized elements
Blade

5. Industry Trends Web-based computing and business solutions
Open-source development momentum
Hardware advances
32/64 bit processors
Increased density (blades)

6. The Emerging Business Model: Web-Accessed Services
Weaving web technology into the existing business infrastructure makes a business semi-transparent to consumers, suppliers, and employees
Order from anywhere, deliver to anywhere, track status
Just-in-time inventory; assembly on request
Secure transactions between all parties
Condense time consuming activities
Scale potential market area (and distribution)
By geography and demographics

7. Languages with 1% or greater share of projects on SourceFor
Novell BrainShare 2002
Open-Source Momentum
Programming language breakdown
Languages with 1% or greater share of projects on SourceFor
C %
C %
Java %
Perl %
PHP %
Python %
Other %
Unix Shell %
Assembly %
Visual Basic %
Tcl %
JavaScript % .
IO201—Modesto Introduction and Overview

8. Blade-Based Computing
Geared toward large companies and Internet service providers that build vast data centers
Current limits: 42 computers, 84 CPUs in six-foot rack
Infiniband support is key to scaling
Chassis communicates with switch module-based backplane
Massively parallel processing model

9. The Blade Market
IDC predicts vendors shipping two million blade servers worth $102 billion in 2005
27% of server sales
Dual-processing blades=52% of units shipped
Quad-processing blades=35% of units shipped

10. What Is Modesto?
A state-of-the-art operating system designed from the ground up
A platform-independent, 32/64-bit operating system
Purpose
A foundation to host Net business solutions software
Broaden and strengthen Novell business solutions focus
Drive increased acceptance of Novell business solutions
Provide a way for everyone to contribute without being shackled by a “GPL”

11. Guiding Philosophy
Time to move on and capture the essence of NetWare® without recreating it
Don’t be shackled by backward compatibility
Keep it simple, flexible, and extensible
Don’t solve non-existent problems

12. NKS kernel Java kernel UNIX kernel Custom kernel
applications
Java
applications
UNIX/Linux
applications
Custom
applications
NKS
kernel
Java
kernel
UNIX
kernel
Custom
kernel
System call interface (Personality kernel access to CIS and NK APIs)
Common Infrastructure Services
Registry
I/O framework
Protocol stack
Event mgmt
Clustering
Security
File system framework
Inter-module communication
Basic execution mgmt
Basic memory mgmt
Interrupt/fault/trap/abort handling
Hardware abstraction (SAL/PAL)
Nano Kernel

13. Modesto Nano Kernel
Provides a flexible framework for exploiting the underlying hardware
Provides a higher level of abstraction of the underlying hardware
Is a stand-alone, bootable entity that exposes low-level abstractions that can support customization
Multiplexes system resources among virtual machines at a coarse level
Allows multiple, diverse application kernels to deliver customized application services

14. Modesto Nano Kernel (cont.)
Abstracts system resources
Provides a primitive execution environment
Provides low-level memory management
Is the primary handler of hardware interrupts and exceptions
Provides boot services and system registry
NKS
applications
Java
UNIX / Linux
Custom
kernel
UNIX
System call interface (Personality kernel access to CIS and NK APIs)
Common Infrastructure Services
Nano Kernel

15. Modesto Nano Kernel (cont.)
Handles most hardware-specific details
Provides services; does not dictate policy
Provides nano kernel abstractions which are used in virtual machines and are programming-environment specific

16. Common Infrastructure Services (CIS)
Non-blocking, event driven
Memory passed from VM accessible only if it is locked down
CIS major components
Networking subsystem
File system framework
Consolidated IO Subsystem (CIOS)
Security

17. Virtual Machine/Application Kernel
VMs can be scheduled on more than one processor simultaneously in a multiprocessor machine
Virtual machine scheduling can be restricted to a chosen subset of processors
VMs can be started/stopped/restarted independently of the Modesto Kernel
Two-way communication between virtual machine and nano kernel

18. Virtual Machines (Application Kernels)
Provides application programming environment
NKS
JVM
POSIX
Proprietary
Each type of VM defines its own scheduler
Allows for multiple instances of each VM may execute simultaneously
NKS
applications
Java
UNIX / Linux
Custom
kernel
UNIX
System call interface (Personality kernel access to CIS and NK APIs)
Common Infrastructure Services
Nano Kernel

19. Application Kernel
Defines the programming environment and provides the “OS flavor”
Novell will provide at least NKS and JVM application kernels
Server applications are free to create their own application kernels containing abstractions tailor-made for their use

20. Application Kernel (cont.)
Application kernel is responsible for all scheduling decisions within a virtual machine
Nano kernel provides mechanisms to aid application kernel’s scheduling activities
Application kernels can handle the faults and exceptions encountered by the threads executing in the virtual machine

21. Applications
Modesto provides a highly efficient application execution environment based on virtually any development platform
Java
Linux
NKS
Customized
Etc…

22. Management Embrace industry standards
Distributed Management Task Force (DMTF) Web- Based Enterprise Management (WBEM) initiative
Standardizes the description and use of managed resources in enterprise networks
Provides normalized access to enterprise management data
Provides common Information Model (CIM) data definition format
XMLCIM provides encoding for transport
CIM Operations over HTTP defines a set of operations used to manipulate management data

23. Consolidated I/O System
A subsystem in the nano-kernel
Database of IO resources
IO resources are defined, managed, abstracted, and made available to applications via CIOS
An object-oriented environment, complete with classes, objects, inheritance, code reuse, method overriding, etc.
Nano-kernel C I O S
CFS
Work
scheduler
CDA
Memory
manager
Interrupt manager

24. CIOS Driver Architecture
Object
Driver IO
Device
SCSI
IDE
Adapter CD
Hard disk
Tape
Hard disk CD
Storage
LAN
USB
CIOS driver interface

25. Lower-Layer Differentiation
NW5 engine
NW6 engine
Modesto engine
NCP/HTTP mgmt
XML mgmt
CLIB
CLIB, NKS/LibC
NKS/LibC
NCP/NDAP
NCP/NFS/CIFS/AFP/LDAP
NCP/NFS/CIFS/AFP/LDAP
Kernel extensions
Independent virtual machines
ODI
ODI/CIOS
CIOS
NLMS/Watcom
ELF/any compiler
32-bit SMP
32/64 bit SMP/MPP
Classic/NSS*
Classic/NSS™
Database FS
Multipurpose server
Single-purpose server
32-bit hardware
32/64 bit hardware
*Novell Storage Systems™

26. Why Modesto? High-end features on commodity hardware
Easily augment and transition existing NetWare installations (additive, not rip-and-replace)
Improved software production model
Developer tool independence
32-/64-bit single source
Hardware independence

27. Blade-Based Computing
Dense computing—8:1 improvement in density
Functional specialization
MPP scalability
Management
blades
Communications
blades
Web service
blades
Storage
blades
Switch
module
Blade chassis

28. Blade-Based Computing (cont.)
Massive array of re-definable processing units
Specialization of service
Re-definition of service based on demand
Abstracts out the hardware layer: everything can have “drag-and-drop” reassignment of service and platform rather than conventional re-install

29. Modulation of Services in a Blade Environment
Resources allocated to
WebAccess
Resources allocated to
backup/day end
Flexible IT service infrastructure moves
with your company
Modulation
of service
IT service infrastructure independent of hardware
fabric
8AM – 7PM
7PM – 11PM
11PM – 5AM
Service fabric
Management fabric
Blade fabric

30. Capacity on Demand Add low-cost blades as needed
Deploy as needed for specialized services
Management
blades
Communications
blades
Web service
blades
Switch
module
Blade chassis

31. Why Should a Developer Participate?
Single-source across 32/64-bit
Uniform NKS/CIOS API across 32/64-bit platforms
Develop on 32-bit, grow into 64-bit, just a recompile
The UNIX VM environment
To accommodate UNIX developers
Capitalize on the abundance of tools
Encourage ports of open-source UNIX and Linux applications

32. Why Should a Developer Participate? (cont.)
A UNIX/Linux Virtual Machine can run concurrently with any native NKS machines
Modesto provides immediate availability of UNIX applications and utilities
IMC (Inter-Virtual Machine Communication) between NKS and UNIX virtual machines allows leveraged benefits
Modesto provides QoS resource pool management of Linux/UNIX services

33. Modesto Project: The Driver Developer Story
CIOS enables rapid development of drivers
CIOS consolidates all I/O architectures
AIO, LAN, storage, keyboard, USB, video, etc.
All applications see the same API set to I/O
Less expensive for developers, less expensive for Novell
CIOS does all of the common work, resulting in less code to support in the actual driver
CIOS portability: 32/64 bit, Modesto and NetWare 6x
Just recompile the driver to change platform

34. Modesto Value Propositions
Application execution environment
Hardware independence
Developer tool freedom
RAS (Reliability, Availability, Scalability)

35. Value Propositions Application Execution Environment
Application story
Java OS
Enables web services delivery
Delivers complete implementation of Java 1.4 Hot Spot
UNIX/Linux execution environment
Provides Linux libraries for headless execution
Just recompile and run existing applications
Virtual Machines enable multiple instances of apps

36. Value Propositions Hardware Independence
32- or 64-bit processors
Horizontal AND vertical scalability …
Single server
N-way multi-processor machines
Multi-server
single or dual processor blades

37. Tools and Developers (cont.)
code
compile
link
run
ELF32/
Dwarf
GNU
ELF32/
Dwarf or Codeview
Modesto
32-bit
App
Intel
Microsoft
Metrowerks
Coff/
Codeview
Single-
source
file
GNU
ELF64/
Dwarf
ELF64/
Dwarf or Codeview
Modesto
64-bit
App
Intel
Microsoft
Coff/
Codeview
EFI boot loader, Modesto 32/64-bit App
Coff/
Codeview
PE32++/
Codeview
Microsoft

38. Reliability, Availability, Scalability
Higher levels of reliability
Built on small, efficient nano-kernel technology
Availability
Application kernel environments can start, stop, restart/crash independent of the nano-kernel
Scalability
Hardware
32/64 bit
Multiprocessor
Blades
Software
Multiple vms
Multiple instances of vms and/or apps

39. Uinta Project Components
Industry-standard
web services
Linux applications
and utilities
Java OS for
J2EE
Linux execution
environment
Hayden
project
Blade, rack, or universal server
32/64 bit OS
Modesto
project

40. Modesto/Uinta: Road Map Details
Novell BrainShare 2002
Modesto/Uinta: Road Map Details
Product Family Timeline
Nov Dec Jan
Feb Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug Sep Oct
Nov Dec Jan
Feb Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug Sep Oct
1Q02
2Q02
3Q02
4Q02
1Q03
2Q03
3Q03
4Q03
CIOS Driver PlugFest
CIOS driver development
kit
Start delivering web-enabled services on 32/64 bit platform
Includes UNIX file system Java 1.4, and XML management
Beta Date
FCS Date
Target (approx) FCS Date
Electronic Release
Developer Kit
International Release
IO201—Modesto Introduction and Overview

41. For More Info on Modesto
While at BrainShare
Visit the Modesto tech lab demo
BrainShare sessions
IO201—Modesto Introduction and Overview
DL201—Application Development to NetWare 6 and Modesto
TUT304—In Depth: A Technical Explanation of the Modesto
Architecture
After BrainShare
Watch for Novell product announcements as Novell Net business solutions are delivered on this platform