1. 5 E’sy Ways to Investigate enzymes!

2. Learning Objectives Educators attending this workshop will:
Utilize tools that support NGSS student learning outcomes of three dimensional lesson design including -
Molymods to model basic amino acid structure and build a dipeptide
Amino Acid Starter Kit© to simulate protein folding
Enzymes in Action © to demonstrate enzymatic specificity and actions
Acetylcholinesterase Active Site Cube © to apply knowledge of protein structure/function to an observed environmental phenomenon
Landscapes of David Goodsell © to apply multiple representations to a concept
Learn something new and interesting for your own professional development.
HAVE FUN!

3. What NGSS dimensions will be targeted?
Learning Objectives
What NGSS dimensions will be targeted?
SEPs
CCCs
DCIs
Asking questions
Patterns
PS1.A: Structure and properties of matter
Developing and using models
Cause and effect
PS1.B: Chemical reactions
Constructing explanations
Scale, proportion, and quantity
LS1.A: Structure and function
Structure and function
LS2.C: Ecosystem dynamics, functioning, and resilience

4. Engage! Protein Structure versus . . . the Mosquito
Engage!

5. Amino Acids:
Building Blocks for Proteins
Explore!
Explain!

6. Extend! Amino Acids: D and L Forms of Amino Acids
Extend!

7. Building a Dipeptide

8. Beware student preconceptions about protein folding!
The Protein Folding Problem
Beware student preconceptions about protein folding!
Amino acid #1
Amino acid #2

9. Modeling Protein Structure
Elaborate!

10. Modeling the Primary Structure
You will need 15 total side chains:
2 cysteine side chains (green).
2 acidic side chains (red).
2 basic side chains (blue).
Your favorite 3 hydrophilic amino acids (white).
Your favorite 6 hydrophobic amino acids (yellow).
Randomly distribute them on the TOOBER. (Space them about three inches apart to get an even distribution). 

11. Modeling Tertiary Structure
Fold your protein according to basic principles of chemistry and physics:
In an aqueous environment, where do you expect the hydrophobic side chains to fold? Why?
Likewise, consider where the hydrophilic side chains would fold.
What interaction may occur between acidic and basic amino acids?
What interaction may occur between cysteine amino acids?

12. Modeling Secondary Structure
Beta Sheets
Why are secondary structures important to protein structure/function?
Alpha Helices

13. Modeling Quaternary Structure
Hemoglobin

14. Modeling Enzyme Action: Catabolism
Extend!

15. Modeling Enzyme Action: Anabolism
Extend!

16. Modeling Enzyme Action: Specificity
Extend!

17. Competitive Inhibition Noncompetitive Inhibition
Modeling Inhibition
Competitive Inhibition
Noncompetitive Inhibition
Extend!

18. Evaluate! Protein Structure versus . . . the Mosquito
Evaluate!

19. Neuromuscular Signaling A Landscape from David Goodsell

20. Acetylcholinesterase!
A Molecular Story:
Acetylcholinesterase!

21. Resources!

22. Resources!

23. THANK YOU!
For more molecular stories. . . Come visit us at booths 419 and 421! We hope to see you soon!

24. Another Molecular Story:
The Beery Twins!

25. What’s going on with the Beery twins?
ENZYMES!
A key enzyme in the Beery twins molecular story is sepiapterin reductase.
Sepiapterin reductase is necessary to make a cofactor called tetrahydrobiopterin.

26. What’s going on with the Beery twins sepiapterin reductase?

27. What’s going on with the Beery twins sepiapterin reductase?
Joe Beery’s Contribution:
A single amino acid change!
Arginine  Glycine

28. What’s going on with the Beery twins sepiapterin reductase?
Retta Beery’s Contribution:
A missing piece of the terminal end of the protein.

29. How did the Beery twins get the variant forms?
Analyzing Data:
The Beery’s Pedigree

30. What are the implications of these variant forms?
Joe Beery’s Mutation – Missense at 498
DNA base change from adenine to guanine
Retta Beery’s Mutation – Nonsense at 801
DNA base change from adenine to thymine resulting in an early stop codon.

31. The Beery Twins Today!

32. Resources!

33. THANK YOU!
For more molecular stories. . . Come visit us at booths 419 and 421! We hope to see you soon!