1. Financial Functions
This lecture will cover the use of some basic functions provided by EXCEL. We will be explore how these functions work and how they can be used to solve problems.

2. Financial Functions
Functions that can be used to calculate values based on compounded interest
Taking a loan
Investing in a savings account

3. Simple Interest vs. Compound Interest
Simple interest always calculates interest based on the original amount.
So $1,000 at 4% per year for 2 years
Year 1: $1000 * 4%  $40 in interest for the 1st year.
Year 2: $1000 * 4%  $40 in interest for the 2nd year.
After 2 years you would have:
$1,000 * 4% = $80 interest
For a total of $1,080

4. Simple Interest vs. Compound Interest
Compound interest always calculates interest based on the “latest amount”.
So $1,000 at 4% per year for 2 years compounded Yearly
Year 1: $1,000 * 4%  $40 in interest for the 1st year.
Year 2: $1,040 * 4%  $41.60 in interest for the 2nd year.
After 2 years you would have:
$1,000 * 4% = $81.60 interest
For a total of $1,081.60

5. Compounding Periods Compounded Yearly Compounded Quarterly
Compounded Semi-Annually
Compounded Monthly
The total amount of your financial transaction will be different based on when the interest is compounded.

6. Compounding Interest Quarterly
What if we compound our 4% interest quarterly for the $1,000. This would be four separate calculations
Quarter
Principal
Interest
1st Quarter
$1,000 * 1%
= $10.00
2nd Quarter
$1,010 * 1%
= $10.10
3rd Quarter
$1, * 1%
= $10.201
4th Quarter
$1, * 1%
≈ $10.30

8. Financial Functions Present Value (PV) Future Value (FV) Payment (PMT)
What you get/pay at the beginning of the financial transaction
Future Value (FV)
What you are going to get OR what you will have to pay at the end of the financial transaction
Payment (PMT)
Payment made each period. It remains constant over life of annuity
RATE
Interest rate per period
NPER
Number of payment periods

9. Financial Functions-Syntax
=PV(rate, nper, pmt, [fv], [type])
=FV(rate, nper, pmt, [pv], [type])
=PMT(rate, nper, pv, [fv], [type])
=RATE(nper, pmt, pv, [fv], [type], [guess])*Compounding Periods
=NPER(rate, pmt, pv, [fv], [type]) / Compounding Periods

10. Arguments in Financial Functions
Description
Argument Rules
rate
Interest rate per compounding period
Always divide the rate by the number of compounding periods
Rate/ # of compounding periods
nper
Number of compounding periods
Always multiply the number of years by the compounding period
# of compounding periods * # of years
pmt
Periodic payments to the initial sum
Payment amount cannot vary pv
Original value of financial transaction fv
Value at the end of the financial transaction
type
Designates when payments are made
0: Payments are made at the end of the period
1: Payments are made at the beginning of the period
(0 is the default and is implied)

11. Using Financial Functions Arguments
Use consistent signs
Outgoing cash ( - )
Incoming cash ( + )
For arguments that are zero, at least a comma must be put in the function to maintain the argument order, unless no other non-zero arguments follow.
=PV(.03, 2, 0, 5000, 0)
same as
=PV(.03, 2, , 5000)

12. Write an excel formula in cell D2 to calculate the payment for a loan amount of $15,000 at 9% interest rate for a period of 5 years. Assume the loan is compounded monthly.
=PMT(rate, nper, pv, [fv], [type]) ----Returns periodic payment =PMT(.09/12,5*12,15000,0,0) OR =PMT(.09/12,5*12,15000)

13. =NPER(rate, pmt, pv, [fv], [type]) ----Returns # of Payment periods
Write an excel formula in cell B2 to determine how many years it will take to save $12,000 if you put $10,000 into a savings account paying 4% annual interest compounded quarterly.
=NPER(rate, pmt, pv, [fv], [type]) ----Returns # of Payment periods
=NPER(.04/4,0,-10000,12000,0) /4 OR =NPER(.04/4,,-10000,12000)/4
Note: Divide the function by the number of compounding periods to calculate the number of years for the annuity

14. =RATE(nper, pmt, pv, [fv], [type]) ----Returns the rate per period
Write an excel formula in cell A2 to calculate the annual interest rate of a new Chevy Cruz. The cost of the car is $18,999, and you will put down $2,000. You will pay $350 per month for five years. The annual interest rate is compounded monthly.
=RATE(nper, pmt, pv, [fv], [type]) ----Returns the rate per period
=RATE(5*12,-350,16999,0,0)*12 OR =RATE(5*12,-350,16999)*12
Note: Multiply the function by the number of compounding periods to calculate the annual interest rate

15. Write an excel formula in cell E2 to determine how much money you would have to put into a CD now to have a $5,000 down payment on a car when you graduate in 2 years. The CD pays 3% annual interest rate compounded yearly.
=PV(rate, nper, pmt, [fv], [type]) - Returns the present value of an investment
=PV(.03,2,0,5000,0) OR =PV(.03,2,,5000)

16. Write an excel formula in cell F2 to determine the value of a CD in 2 years. You plan on an initial investment of $5,000 and you will add an additional $50 per month. The CD pays an annual interest rate of 3% compounded monthly.
=FV(rate, nper, pmt, [pv], [type]) - Returns the future value of an investment
=FV(.03/12,2*12,-50,-5000,0) OR =FV(.03/12,2*12,-50,-5000)

17. Write an Excel formula in cell G2 to calculate the monthly mortgage payment for a $100,000 home with a balloon payment of $10,000. The annual interest rate is 4% compounded monthly with a loan duration of 30 years. Note: A balloon payment is an amount due at the end of the loan and is indicated in the fv argument as a negative value .

18. Five years ago you won $75,000 on the game show, “I Wanna Win A lot of Money”! At that time, you invested the money in a CD that paid 6% per year compounded monthly. Write a formula in cell C9, to determine T/F if you have enough money to purchase a $100,000 house without financing.