1. CLIMATE AND AGRICULTURE: AGRO-CLIMATOLOGY WATER BUDGET AND CROP CALENDAR MADE BY-S hounack Mandal M.Sc Geography, SEM-1 ADAMAS UNIVERSITY TO:- Dr. Anu Rai

2. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CLIMATE AND AGRICULTURE Two sided relationship:- -Climate will affect agriculture through rainfall, temperature, moisture content etc. Since some plants need specific conditions to grow climates restricts the kind of agriculture that can take place in a given area. - The other side of the coin is the affect agriculture has on climate. Agriculture such as clear cutting effects the amount of rainfall across the world and releases carbon in the air, because trees exists in the hydrological cycle and store carbon. 1

3. OBJECTIVE:- This chapter examines two broad, overlapping problems of Agro-climatology. -One is concerned with the influence of climatic element on specific crops and animals and there productivity. -The other pertains to the effect of climate on the spatial distribution of crops and animals. 3

4. CLIMATE AGRICUTURE PRODUCTION RELATIONSHIP FOR EXAMPLE:- Source:- fourth edition general climatology(Howard j. Critchfield) 4

5. AGRO-CLIMATOLOGY Agro-climatology often known as agricultural climatology is a field in the interdisciplinary science of agro-meteorology, in which principles of climatology are applied to agricultural systems. Its origin relates to the foremost role that climate plays in plant and animal production. Agro-climatology basically deals with interaction between long term meteorological variables (i.e. Climate) and agriculture. 5

6. Importance of Agro- climatology ● Characterization of agricultural climate : Basically, for determining crop growing season, humidity, wind, precipitation, temperature etc. Helps to asses suitable parameters for a profitable crop production. Example:- ● Crop planning for stability in production : To reduce risk of crop failure and to get stabilized yield even under weather adversity. A)Oats- 40 ͦͦc B) Sweet corn-10 ͦc C)Cotton-17 to 18 ͦc 6

7. ● Crop management : it involves various farm operations such as sowing, fertilizers application. ● Livestock production : it helps us by informing suitable and unsuitable weather conditions for growth, development and production of livestock. ● Research in crop climate relationship : agro-climatology helps us to understand crop climate relationship so as to resolve complexities of plant process in relation to micro climate. ● Climate extremities : such as floods, hail storms, high winds and drought can be forecasted and crop can be protected. 7

8. WATER BUDGET A special case of evaporation is tran- spiration, entails a loss of water from leaf and steam tissues of growing vegetation. Termed as evapotranspiration. The complex measurement to determine the actual amount of water evaporated From soil surfaces and transpired from vegetation prove difficult in practice. An atmometer is awesome tool to help understand soil and vegetation evapotranspiration. Source: http/researchgate.net 8

9. THE WATER BUDGET EQUATION:- ET = P - ( R + ds ) Where, ET is the loss by evapotranspiration, P is the gain by precipitation, R is the runoff, And ds is the gain or loss of stored In the soil or water bodies. Mean annual latitudinal distribution of water budget element. Source:- fourth edition general climatology(Howard j. Critchfield) 9

10. CROP CALENDAR The crop calendar is a calendar that provides timely information about seeds to promote local crop production. It contains information on planting, sowing and harvesting periods of locally adapted crops in specific agro-ecological zones. It also provides information on the sowing rates of the seeds and planting material and the main agricultural practices. This tool helps the farmers of the world to take appropriate decision on crops and their showing period. 10

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