1. AMERICA:

2. 1910 – 1920: The End of Innocence

3. 1910 – 1920: The New Woman… The New Woman now:
smoked, drove a car, and bobbed her hair!!!!
The New Woman discarded her:
corsets and petticoats

4. Emma Goldman “What’s good for a man is good for a woman…”
Emma Goldman was:
Writer & Public Speaker
Anarchist
Supported Woman’s Suffrage
Birth Control
Leon Czolgosz said he was
influenced by her speeches
Published the magazine “Mother Earth” it supported
Anarchism, Atheism, Sexuality, and Feminism

5. The New Woman
In million woman were working
By 1920: 8.5 million
Major jobs for woman:
secretaries, sales, telephone operators

6. The Right to VOTE… June 4, 1919: 19th Amendment 26 million new voters
The most important event for woman….
The Right to VOTE…
June 4, 1919: 19th Amendment
26 million new voters

7. ENTERTAINMENT: 1910 - 1920 The Movie Industry: FLICKERS
By 1914 Hollywood had 52 movie companies
Spending over 5.7 million dollars a year
By 1916: 25 million people a day were spending 5 to 25 cents to watch a movie…. The movie industry made $735,000,000 that year
No longer short films BUT 2 hour features…
Also new and beautiful theaters began to be built…

8. Leading Producers:
Cecil B. DeMille, Lewis Selznick,
Jesse Lasky, and Samuel Goldwyn

9. Hollywood’s Biggest Stars:
Charlie Chaplin:
Made $520,000 a year

10. Mary Pickford:
“America’s Sweetheart”

11. INTOLERANCE Cost $2,000,000 15,000 Extra’s 3 hours long… Major Failure
Biggest Film of the Decade
INTOLERANCE
By D. W. Griffith
Cost $2,000,000
15,000 Extra’s
3 hours long…
Major Failure

12. CHAUTAUQUAS… “The most American thing in America”… TR
Tent meetings that were entertainment spiced with religious, educational, and political messages…
Started in New York: Lake Chautauqua
Visited 10,000 cities & entertained 40 million people
A Typical Chautauqua:
Band, opera, orchestra, magicians, yodelers, Indians,
Hawaiian singers, and the closing would be with a
Inspirational speaker….

13. BROADWAY
The Theater is what produced the latest fashions, dance steps, and slang….
This is where the High Class people went…
Most plays were musicals, comedies, and or revues
King of the revues:
Florenz Ziegfeld

14. King of Music: Irving Berlin
Wrote over 300 songs…
Alexander’s Ragtime Band
Easter Parade
White Christmas
No Business like show Bus.
This is the Army now
God Bless America

15. The most active figure in American Theater was: George M. Cohan
Called the man who owned
Broadway…
Called the Father of American Musical Comedy
Produced 19 hits on Broadway from 1910 to 1920
Famous songs:
Over There
Give My Regards to Broadway
You’re a Grand Ol’ Flag

16. The Biggest Star on Broadway who had the Greatest Impact….
Vernon & Irene Castle
They started a dance craze in America…
Rockefeller took lessons for $100 an hour..
Created new dance steps:
Castle Walk
Fox Trot

17. BASEBALL
Ty Cobb…
Batting title

18. Baseball stars of
Grover Cleveland Alexander
Cy Young

19. Baseball Stars: 1910 - 1919 Honus Wagner Christy Mathewson
Rogers Hornsby

20. Baseball Stars
Connie Mack
George Herman Ruth

21. Navin Field (Tiger Stadium) opens in 1912

22. The Black Sox Scandal Biggest Baseball Story: 1919 World Series:
Chicago White Sox vs. Cincinnati Reds
The Black Sox Scandal
8 White Sox players will be convicted of throwing the 1919 World Series…
All eight player will be banned from baseball for life…
The Scandal almost ruined Major League Baseball
Shoeless Joe Jackson
“say it ain’t so Joe”

23. BOXING
Jack Johnson
Heavyweight Champ

24. THE FIGHT OF THE CENTURY July 4th, 1910 Jack Johnson vs. Jim Jeffries
Johnson KO’s Jeffries
in the 15th round

25. April 5th 1915 Johnson loses to
Jess Willard
KO in the 26th round

26. Jesse Willard will lose the Heavyweight Title
to Jack Dempsey on July 4, 1919
Dempsey will knock Willard down 7 times in the 1st round and receive a KO victory after 3 rounds…
Willard will suffer: broken jaw, broken cheekbone, broken ribs, and lost several teeth…

27. Jim Thorpe The 1912 Olympic Games in Stockholm Sweden
Hero of the 1912 Olympic Games
Jim Thorpe
Winner of the decathlon & pentathlon

29. American Culture…
New Magazines:
Colliers
Life
Good Housekeeping
Vogue
Ladies Home Journal
Saturday Evening Post

30. Great Poets of the Decade: 1910 - 1920

31. Carl Sandburg Hog Butcher for the World, Tool Maker, Stacker of Wheat,
Player with Railroads and the Nation’s freight handler:
Stormy, husky, brawling,
City of the Big Shoulders…
Chicago

32. Man of the Decade:

33. The Model T The Tin Lizzie, Flivver, She, or as Henry Ford called it
“The Universal Car”
In ,700 produced… More then all other cars combined!

34. The American Dream… “Build a better mouse trap”
By this decade Henry Ford has become a…..
BILLIONAIRE

36. FORDISM…
“The Assembly Line”

37. Henry Ford: Education & Culture
Ford was 1st and always a mechanic…
Not big on education.. “Books mess up my mind”

38. & An 8 hour work day!!! Ford announces the: $5 WORK DAY…
Biggest News of the Decade:
Ford announces the:
$5 WORK DAY…
& An 8 hour work day!!!
Ford becomes famous and a FOLK HERO…

39. Henry Ford’s dislikes….
Rich man’s Clubs
Social Gatherings
High Society living

40. Ford’s opinion on the trouble with America…
America was losing its small town values
People need to give up:
Alcohol, Jazz, divorce, dancing, big cities…

41. Ford’s Philosophy of Life:
Life is work…
When work is done,
There is nothing to do but wait for death to take you away
A days work was sacred
Ford’s Motto:
“Chop your own wood and it will warm you twice”

42. Ford and his Sociology Department…
Not only did Ford want to make the best car BUT he wanted efficiency at home as well…
Ford workers had to be “morally fit”
His Sociology Department would interview his workers neighbors and wives…
If they: used alcohol, fought with their wives, gambled, owed money, stayed out late…
THEY WOULD BE FIRED!!!
Ford said he was in the business of building men…

43. Ford Loses Ford and World War I Against the War in Europe…
Travels to Europe to stop the War… Huge Failure
Ford will run for the US Senate in 1918…
News said: “if he wins it would create a vacancy both in the Senate and the Auto industry”
Ford Loses

45. Election of 1908 Runs against:
TR decides not to run for re-election and hand picks Taft to run..
Runs with James S. Sherman
Runs against:
William Jennings Bryan
Third Try….

46. Lackluster Campaign…
Tariff reduction, stricter anti-trust laws, improved labor safety laws, statehood for New Mexico and Arizona
Progressivism
Real Issue: Which candidate could continue to carry out the popular policy of T. Roosevelt

47. Results or the Election of 1908

48. William Howard Taft 6’2” and over 300 pounds
Personality: cheerful, friendly, had lots of friends… Few intimates
Faced problems alone…
Hated being President!!!
Birth: September 15, 1857
Childhood: good life in Cincinnati loved baseball, swimming, ice-skating
Education: Public High School (2)
Yale (2)
Cincinnati Law School
Passes Bar in 1880
Religion: Unitarian (Not Active)
Didn’t believe in Divinity of Christ

49. WILLIAM HOWARD TAFT Recreation: 1st President to play golf
1st President to throw out a baseball

50. Marriage: June 19, 1886 (he was 28, she was 25)
She pushed her husband into Politics
The 1st , 1st Lady to ride next to her husband during inauguration
Suffers a stroke as 1st Lady
Has 3,000 cherry trees planted in Washington DC
Helen “Nellie” Herron

52. Career before President
Lawyer & Judge
1900 – 01: Commissioner & Governor General of the
Philippines: Helped them gain self-government
Secretary of War (TR):
Supervises prep work for Panama Canal
Still over sees the Philippines
Acted as Secretary of State when Hay gets sick
Served as Governor of Cuba

53. Taft Administration: 1909 - 1913
Dollar Diplomacy: Using military might & diplomatic influence to promote & protect American business interest abroad…
Implemented by Philander Knox
Mann – Elkin Act: Extends authority of the Interstate Commerce Commission…Placed telephone & telegraph under its control
Anti-Trust Policies: Taft dismantles tobacco company and Standard Oil..
New Mexico & Arizona added to the Union
16th Amendment added
Pinchot-Ballinger Controversy: Gifford Pinchot (TR man) chief of Forest Service criticized Richard Ballinger Taft’s secretary of the interior over opening land for sale in Alaska… Taft fires Pinchot and cause split between Taft and Roosevelt

54. ELECTION OF 1912 Republicans: Taft will run for re-election
Democrats: Woodrow Wilson… “New Freedom”: It would limit big business & big government… Reforms by ending corruption & helping small businesses
Progressive Republicans: (Bull Moose):
“New Nationalism”: More government regulations of business and unions, woman’s suffrage, and more social welfare programs
Socialist: Eugene V. Debs

55. Election of 1912
With Taft enjoying little popularity and Debs considered too radical, the election came down to the battle between Roosevelt and Wilson. TR called for a “New Nationalism & Wilson pledged a “New Freedom”
Results: With the Republicans split, Wilson won easily with 435 electoral votes

57. Taft and the new President Woodrow Wilson

58. Taft is the only man to be President of the USA & Chief Justice
Taft after his presidency
1921 President Harding will
appoint Taft as the
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
Taft is the only man to be President of the USA &
Chief Justice

59. William Howard Taft will die March 8, 1930
Taft is buried at:
Arlington National Cemetery
Only 2 Presidents are buried
in Arlington.

61. Childhood: raised in Georgia during Civil War…
5’ 11” 175 pounds…
poor health & poor eyes
Personality: very emotional & complex
Born: December 28th 1856 In Staunton, Virginia
Childhood: raised in Georgia during Civil War…
believed in “white supremacy”
Education: Home until 12…
Davidson College (drops out) College of New Jersey (Princeton),
Univ. of Virginia Law School (drops out)
Passes Bar in 1882
John Hopkins: (Doctorate)
Religion: Presbyterian… very religious, prayed daily.. Elder
Recreation: golf, horse back riding, sailing and poetry

62. Marriage: Ellen Axson on June 24, 1885 They have 3 daughters
She dies August 6, 1914 in the White House… Woodrow is devastated…
Said he wanted to be assassinated
2. Edith Galt on December 18, 1915

63. 1912 Wins the Presidential Election
Career before President
Taught school at: Bryn Mawr College
Wesleyan University
Coached debate & football
Princeton
President of Princeton: 1902 – 1910
Governor of New Jersey:
1912 Wins the Presidential Election

64. The Wilson Administration:
Tariff Reduction: Wilson will lower the tariff for the 1st time in 50 years with the Underwood Bill. 41% to 27% To compensate the Underwood Bill also raised income tax from 1% to 6%
Banking Reform: Wilson reject Republican plan for a private bank system and proposed a national bank system with 12 district banks supervised by a Federal Reserve Board (dollar bills)
Business Regulations:
1. Clayton Antitrust Act
2. Federal Trade Commission
Other Reforms:
Federal Farm Loan Act
Child Labor Act

65. Wilson and Foreign Policy:
Moral Diplomacy: Righting past wrongs…
The Philippines
Puerto Rico
The Panama Canal
Conflict in Mexico:
Tampico Incident
Pancho Villa and the US Army

66. Election of 1916 Wilson will run for re-election
“He kept us out of war”
Charles Evens Hughes…
Former Governor of New York
& Supreme Court Justice
A United Republican Party

67. Results of the Election of 1916

68. The USA and World War I

69. WORLD WAR I
Causes:
1. Industrial Revolution
2. Nationalism

70. 3. Imperialism

71. Diplomacy = Brinkmanship = Threat of War
4. Militarism: “Protectionism”
5. Forming of Alliances:
Triple Alliance:
Triple Entente:
Diplomacy =
Brinkmanship =
Threat of War

72. OUT BREAK OF WAR

73. What Caused The War??? Major Problem Area:
Russia, Austria-Hungary, & SERBIA

74. SARAJEVO June 28, 1914 Who: Where? Arch-Duke Francis Ferdinand &
his wife Sophia
Who:
Where?
SARAJEVO

75. The Black Hand (Serbian Nationalist Terrorist Group)
Wanted the area of Bosnia to be freed and become part of Serbia…
Why?
Gavrillo Princip

79. A World at War

80. Attitude in Europe
War will be over by Christmas!!!??

81. Schleffen Plan: Race through Belgium, crush France then attack Russia
Problem: Germany is stopped just outside of Paris

82. Trench-Warfare: War will become a stalemate…
FOR THE NEXT 4 YEARS!!!

84. Effects of Trench Warfare

85. STAY NEUTRAL THE UNITED STATES & WORLD WAR I England’s or Germany’s
What will cause the USA to enter the War???
When the War started in 1914 public opinion was:
STAY NEUTRAL
Whose side do we fight on????
England’s or Germany’s

86. 1. May 7, 1915: Sinking of the Lusitania
Reasons why the United States entered World War I:
1. May 7, 1915: Sinking of the Lusitania

87. 2. British Propaganda
3. The Zimmerman Letter

88. 4. Unrestricted U-Boat attacks

89. “Make the World Safe for Democracy”
President Wilson will go to Congress and on
April 6, 1917 the USA declares war
on Germany & the Central Powers
“Make the World Safe for Democracy”

90. The Draft Fighting the War on the Home Front...
3 million men will be drafted and another
2 million men will volunteer…

91. The War Industries Board (July 1917)
Purpose: Coordinate Government purchases of
military supplies
The Man in Charge: Bernard Baruch
He had great powers during WW I

92. National War Labor Board
Run by William Howard Taft
Also on the board:

93. Food Administration: “Hooverizing”
Herbert Hoover in charge
Purpose to SAVE FOOD…
Wheatless Mondays & Wednesday
Meatless Tuesdays
Porkless Thursdays & Saturdays
Families urged to grow own food

97. Fuel Administration: Harry Garfield
Purpose to save: coal and gas
Heatless Mondays
Manufacturing of Liquor was suspended
Gasless Sundays
Also to save energy… “Daylight Savings Time”
Nonessential Factories were closed

98. SELLING THE WAR…
LIBERTY BONDS

99. $33 MILLION WAS RAISED!!!

101. Propaganda for the War

103. Committee of Public Information George Creel
Creel was known to have said "expression not repression" about censorship. Creel gathered the nation's artists to create thousands of paintings, posters, cartoons, and sculptures promoting the War. He also gathered support from choirs, social clubs, and religious institutions to join "The Worlds Greatest Adventure In Advertising." He recruited about 75,000 "Four Minute Men," who spoke about the War at social events for an ideal length of four minutes, considering that the average human attention span was judged at the time to be four minutes. They covered the draft, rationing, bond drives, victory gardens and why America was fighting. These men thereby helped to maintain the nation's morale. It was estimated that by the end of the war, they had made more than 7.5 million speeches to 314 million people.

104. Espionage Act & Sedition Act
Criticizing the Government’s war policy, obstructing the draft, making disloyal or abusive remarks about the government could put you in prison for 20 years.
Eugene Debs was sentenced for 10 years federal prison for speaking out against the war…
Schenck v. United States: The Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of the Espionage Act.
Justice Oliver Wendell Homes said free speech could be limited if it represented a “clear & present danger” to the public safety..

105. They were vigilante groups who called themselves
Mobs for the War…
American Protective League: 250,000 members
The APL checked up on people who failed to buy Liberty Bonds. It spotted violators of food and gasoline regulations, rounded up draft evaders in New York, disrupted Socialist meetings in Cleveland, broke strikes, threatened union men with immediate induction into the army. The attorney general of the United States reported to Congress, "It is safe to say never in history has this country been so thoroughly policed." (emphasis added) Nor, he might have added, the training of the young so well regulated.
Other Groups: National Security League, Boy Spies of America, American Defense Society, Anti-Yellow Dog League (for kids) and many more groups…
They were vigilante groups who called themselves
“Patriotic Organizations”

106. What about German Americans????
Liberty Cabbage
Liberty Sausage
NO: German Music
German Books
German Classes in
Schools were banned…

107. FIGHTING THE WAR… American Expeditionary Force: (AEF)
Commanded By: General John J. Pershing

108. On November 11th 1918 at 11:00 the WAR IS OVER!!!!
The Fighting in Europe:
Last German Offensive: Spring of 1918
US forces help Allies to stop German forces in France
Drive to VICTORY:
In August, September, and October, 1918, an Allied offensive succeed in driving an exhausted Germany army backward towards the German border.
On November 11th 1918 at 11:00 the
WAR IS OVER!!!!

110. World War I Battlefield Deaths:
British Empire: 1,000,000
France: 1,500,000
Russia: 1,700,000
Italy: ,000
USA: ,000
Germany: 1,950,000
Austria-Hungary 1,050,000
Ottoman Empire ,000
Total Battlefield Dead: over 10,000,000
Wounded: Over 20,000,000
Civilian Deaths: 6,600,000
Cost: Direct: $186,000,000,000
Indirect: $151,000,000,000

111. New Weapons of World War I

112. The Red Baron: Manfred von Richthofen
80 Kills Shot Down & Killed on April 21, 1918

114. USA WAR HEROS Casualties of World War 1 Eddie Rickenbacker
Shot down 26 enemy planes

115. Alvin York
Most celebrated doughboy: singlehanded killed 25 & captured 132

116. General John J. Pershing
“Black Jack” Pershing was the Commander in Chief of the United States Army.
He held the US troops together in a single effective army, refusing to parcel out his men to European commanders
Petain Haig Foch Pershing

117. “The War to End All Wars…”
Wilson and his 14 Points
“The War to End All Wars…”
Wilson’s 14 points divided into 3 sections
World Wide Problems:
No secret treaties
Freedom of the Seas
Removal of tariffs
Reduction in size of armies & navies
“impartial adjustment of all colonial
claims” or Stop Imperialism
Special National Problems:
Self-determination for various
nationalities within Austro-Hungary
Allow new government in Russia
France gets Alsace-Lorraine region
from Germany
Belgium gets aid
3. International Peace Keeping Organization:
LEAGUE OF NATIONS

118. TREATY OF VERSAILLES THE BIG FOUR:
George: England Orlando: Italy Clemenceau: France Wilson: USA

119. Problems at Versailles…
Wilson’s 14 Points will be torn apart by:
Extreme Nationalism
Old Rivalries
Jealousy
The big question: Who is to blame and Who is going to PAY?

120. Under the peace settlement, Germany was required to pay reparations eventually set at $33 billion; accept responsibility for the war; cede territory to Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, and Poland; give up its overseas colonies; and accept an allied military force on the west bank of the Rhine River for 15 years.

122. The War to end all WARS?????

123. The Battle for Ratification:
Wilson had to win approval of 2/3 of the Senate to
have the Treaty of Versailles pass
Republicans in the Senate against the Treaty for 2 reasons
1. it might interfere with USA sovereignty
2. might cause European Nations to interfere in the
Western Hemisphere
Leading the Republicans: Henry Cabot Lodge

125. Opponents to the Treaty of Versailles:
Irreconcilables and the Reservationist
Irreconcilables: Could Not accept the USA membership into the League of Nations no matter what…
Reservationist: ( Henry Lodge) Could accept the USA membership into the League of Nations if certain reservations were added to the covenant…
Wilson had the choice of going along with the reservationist or fight for the Treaty as it stood…
Wilson will choose to FIGHT!!!!

126. Wilson’s Western Tour
Wilson believed his League of Nations could prevail if he could personally rally public support… Wilson will board a train and go on speaking tour to make speeches for the League of Nations…
September 25, 1919… Wilson collapsed after giving a speech… A few days later in Washington DC, Wilson suffers a massive stroke from which he never fully recovers…

127. Rejection of the Treaty
The United States never will enter the
LEAGUE OF NATIONS
or Ratify the Treaty of Versailles
Not until 1921 will the USA officially end World War I
by making a separate peace treaty with Germany

128. Woodrow Wilson will die on February 3, 1924
Wilson will retire and live in Washington DC
Woodrow Wilson will die on February 3, 1924
He will be buried in Washington DC

129. President Wilson is ranked: 6th