1. KIDNEY STONES

2. Types of Stones Calcium oxalate and phosphate:
- Account for about 70% of stones.
Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate:
% of stones
- caused by urea-splitting bacteria Prote
and some Staph

3. Uric acid: - 5-10% of stones - Predisposed with gout, leukemias
Cystine:
- Only 1-2% of stones
- Caused by genetic defects in renal
reabsorption of amino acids.

5. Diagnostic Tests - Urinalysis - IVP - Abdominal ultrasound - CT - KUB
- Cystoscopy

6. Diagnosis IMAGING STUDIES CT Scan:
Noncontrast CT scans are now the modality of choice
: Advantages include
1)elimination of contrast
2)no need for bowel prep
3) can see noncalcified stones

7. CT Images of Stones

8. Diagnosis cont. Ultrasound Advantages include….
Useful if patient is pregnant or has contraindication to IVP
When used with KUB can be as effective as IVP

9. Ultrasound of stone

10. Treatments - TREAT THE PAIN!!! - Lithotripsy - Ureteroscopy
- Surgical removal
- Percutaneous nephrolithotomy
- Nutritional therapy

11. THANK YOU