1. Adapted from: https://www. georgewbushlibrary. smu

2. Primary Sources

3. What is a primary source?
How is a primary source different from a secondary source?
Ask for examples from class; optional - write or have them add to board

4. PRIMARY SOURCES SECONDARY SOURCES
“A first-hand, original account, record, or evidence about a person, place, object, or an event.”
Examples:
Oral histories
Objects
Photographs
Documents – newspapers, ledgers, census records
Diaries, Journals, memoirs
Maps
Government documents
Visual materials
Sound recordings
SECONDARY SOURCES
analyzes and interprets a primary source
derived from a primary source
step or two removed from the original event
Examples:
Textbooks
Newspaper articles that interpret
Book, art, and theater reviews or criticisms
Histories
Analyses – scientific trials, research, etc.
Biographies
“Engaging Students with Primary Sources.” History Explorer.si.edu. Smithsonian National Museum of American History. n.d.:1-64. PDF file. 10 May 2014.

5. Citation? Do we need to cite primary sources? Why? Example NEWSPAPERS
 Author. “Title of Article.” Title of Newspaper [city] Day Month Year published. Title of the Database or Web site. Medium. Day Month Year of access
The LOC provides examples for citing a variety of styles of primary sources in MLA format.
LOC Citations
If I were to cite a newspaper from LOC – link to LOC site with headlines showing 100 years ago (
) today – time permitting

7. Observe Describe what you see. What do you notice first?
What people and objects are shown?
How are they arranged?
What is the physical setting?
What, if any, words do you see?
What other details can you see?
Adapted from The Library of Congress Teacher's Guide "Analyzing Prints and Photographs" 4

8. Reflect Why do you think this image was made?
What's happening in the image?
When do you think it was made?
Who do you think was the audience for this image?
What tools were used to create this?
What can you learn from examining this image?
What's missing from this image?
If someone made this today, what would be different?
What would be the same?

9. Question
What do you wonder about...
who?
what?
when?
where?
why?
how?

10. Next…
Write a caption for your image to capture the message of the creator.
Base the caption only on what you can see in the image, not what you have read about the image.
Be able to explain your thinking.

11. The Story Behind the Picture
“Teaching the Young Idea How to Sell”
National Child Labor Committee Collection
Thoughts??

13. Dear John, PHOTO BOOTH (Photographs) FUNNY PAPERS?
PHOTO BOOTH
(Photographs)
FUNNY PAPERS?
(Political/Editorial Cartoons)
POST –IT!
(Posters/Propaganda/Maps)
I DECLARE!
(Speeches, poems, etc.)
Dear John,
(Letters)
NO CANDY?!
(Here is your chance – explore something not included. Advocates?
Oral Histories? Sound? Film?
What other primary sources related to this topic interest you?)

14. Exit Ticket Answer Q1 or Q2
 Q1: What are the benefits of using a primary
source?
Q2: What are limitations to consider when
using or analyzing a primary source?