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Molar Mass of Compounds Moles Grams & Grams Moles
Outline of Topics Molar Mass of Compounds Moles Grams & Grams Moles Writing&Balancing Reactions Mole Ratios 1-Step & 2-Step Limiting Reactants Percentage Yield
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1. Molar Mass of Compounds
1 + 2(3 + 4) = What does it mean to submerge? Where does a submarine go? What does “sub” mean?
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1. Molar Mass of Compounds
OBJECTIVE: Calculating molar mass of compounds like NaCl, H2O, Mg(OH)2
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1. Molar Mass of Compounds
Where do you find the molar mass of each element?
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1. Molar Mass of Compounds
Get the molar mass of CO C: 1 O: 1 x 12 = 12 g x 16 = 16 g
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1. Molar Mass of Compounds
Get the molar mass of CO2 2 = SUBscript tells us how many C: 1 O: 2 x 12 = 12 g x 16 = 32 g
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1. Molar Mass of Compounds
Get the molar mass of Ca3P2 Ca: 3 P: 2 x 40 = 120 g x 31 = 62 g
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1. Molar Mass of Compounds
Get the molar mass of H2O H: 2 O: 1 x 1 = 2 x 16 = 16
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1. Molar Mass of Compounds
Get the molar mass of Ca3(PO4)2 Ca: 3 P: 2 O:8 x 40 = 120 x 31 = 62 x 16 = 128
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1. Molar Mass of Compounds
List elements Write how many of each element Get molar mass of each element Get total
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1. Molar Mass of Compounds
Summary & Review What does the subscript tell us? What happens when there is a parenthesis? Calculate the molar mass for the following Na3N CaCl2 PCl3 H2O2 N2O4 NaNO3 Na2SO4 Mg(OH)2 (NH4)2SO4
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1. Molar Mass of Compounds
Summary & Review Calculate the molar mass for the following 1. Na3N 2. CaCl2 3. PCl3 4. H2O2 5. N2O4 6. NaNO3 7. Na2SO4 8. Mg(OH)2 9. (NH4)2SO4
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How many flowers in a dozen?
2. The Mole and Molar Mass How many eggs in a dozen? How many flowers in a dozen? If you 2 dozen roses for your valentine, how many roses did you buy? If one rose costs $3.27, how much did you spend just on flowers?
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OBJECTIVE: converting grams to moles
2. The Mole and Molar Mass OBJECTIVE: converting grams to moles
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a MOLE of something is equal to
2. The Mole and Molar Mass a DOZEN of _____ = 12 a MOLE of something is equal to or 6.02 x 1023 Avogadro’s Number
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2. The Mole and Molar Mass 1 MOLE of eggs = eggs 1 MOLE of donuts = donuts 1 MOLE of flowers = flowers 1 MOLE of O atoms = Li atoms
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How calculate GRAMS MOLES
2. The Mole and Molar Mass How calculate GRAMS MOLES Molar Mass : 1 mol
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2. The Mole and Molar Mass How calculate GRAMS MOLES
How many moles are in 24 grams of C? 24 g 1 mol = 12 g
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How calculate GRAMS MOLES How many moles are in 327 g of NaCl
2. The Mole and Molar Mass How calculate GRAMS MOLES How many moles are in 327 g of NaCl Na: 1 x 23 g = 23 g + Cl: 1 x 35 g = 35 g NaCl = 58 g 327 g NaCl 1 mol NaCl 58 g NaCl 5.64 mol NaCl
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2. The Mole and Molar Mass How many moles are in 327 g of Ba3(PO4)2
How calculate GRAMS MOLES How many moles are in 327 g of Ba3(PO4)2 Ba: _ x 137 g = P: _ x 31 g = + O:__ x 16 g = Ba3(PO4)2 = _______ g 327 g Ba3(PO4)2
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2. The Mole and Molar Mass How calculate MOLES GRAMS
How many grams are in mol of NaCl? Na: 1 x 23 g = 23g + Cl: 1 x 35 g = 35g NaCl = 58 g 5.600 mol NaCl 58 g NaCl 1 mol NaCl = g NaCl
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2. The Mole and Molar Mass = 1159.2 g BaCl2
How calculate MOLES GRAMS How many grams are in mol of BaCl2? Ba: 1 x 137 g = 137 g Cl: 2 x 35 g = 70 g BaCl2 = 207 g 5.600 mol BaCl g BaCl2 1 mol BaCl2 = g BaCl2
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2. The Mole and Molar Mass How calculate GRAMS # of atoms
How many atoms are in 327 g of Ba3(PO4)2 Ba: _ x g = P: _ x g = + O:__ x 16 g = Ba3(PO4)2 = _______ g 327 g Ba3(PO4)2
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7. 2.26 mol of carbon tetrachloride into grams
2. The Mole and Molar Mass Convert the moles into grams 2.26 mol of NO2 5.8 mol of PCl5 2.26 mol of CaCl2 mol of carbon tetrachloride into grams mols of calcium chloride into grams Convert the grams into moles 4. 50 g of NO2 5. 58 g of PCl5 g of CaCl2
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2. The Mole and Molar Mass 2.26 mol of CO 5.8 mol of SF6
Convert the moles into grams 2.26 mol of CO 5.8 mol of SF6 1.5 mol of Ca3P2 1.2 mol of NaOH 2.5 mol of Ca(OH)2 3.27 mol of Cu(NO3)2 Convert the grams into moles 32 g of CO 58 g of SF6 327 g of Ca3P2 20 g of NaOH 20 g of Ca(OH)2 20 g of Cu(NO3)2
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2. The Mole and Molar Mass 55 grams sodium nitride into mols 55 moles of sodium nitrite into grams
Convert the grams into moles 327 g Ca3P2 20 g Ca(OH)2 20 g Cu(NO3)2 Convert the moles into grams 1.5 mol of Ca3P2 2.5 mol Ca(OH)2 3.27 mol Cu(NO3)2
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2.26 mol of carbon dioxide into grams
2. The Mole and Molar Mass 2.26 mol of carbon dioxide into grams 2.26 mol of dihydroden monoxide into grams 55 grams sodium oxide into mols 55 grams of calcium chloride into mols
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One mole of a compound is equal to its m____ m___
2. The Mole and Molar Mass Summary & Review One mole of a compound is equal to its m____ m___ Strategy for setting up gram mole conversions
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Write a math problem, any problem
3. Balancing Reactions Write a math problem, any problem
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OBJECTIVE: Writing & balancing chemistry reactions
3. Balancing Reactions OBJECTIVE: Writing & balancing chemistry reactions
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Show chemical changes with equations
3. Reactions Show chemical changes with equations Reactants Products means “produces”
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reactants “equals” products
3. Balancing Reactions H2 + O H2O reactants “equals” products yields produces
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Na+ + Cl- NaCl keywords 3. Balancing Reactions
_ reacts/combines with __ to make __ _ and _ combines/reacts to form __ __ and __ reacts to yield __ __ is produced by reacting __ and _
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3. Balancing Reactions C + S CS2 N2 + H2 NH3 Li+ + Cl- LiCl
Ca Cl- CaCl2 Cu + FeSO4 Fe + CuSO4 NaCl + Mg(OH)2 NaOH + MgCl2 NaCl + Ba(NO3)2 NaNO3 + BaCl2 TALK ABOUT SUBSCRIPTS
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3. Balancing Reactions on WARMUP
Carbon and sulfur react to produce carbon disulfide Phosphorus and chlorine combine to make phosphorus tetrachloride Sodium cation and chlorine anion react to yield sodium chloride Calcium chloride is produced by reacting calcium cation and chlorine anion TALK ABOUT SUBSCRIPTS
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Sodium and potassium chloride combine to form potassium and sodium chloride
Zinc and copper(II) sulfate react to produce copper and zinc(II) sulfate Cobalt(II) nitrate and iron(III) sulfate combine to yield cobalt(II) sulfate and iron(III) nitrate Calcium hydroxide and magnesium chloride is produced by reacting calcium chloride and magnesium hydroxide TALK ABOUT SUBSCRIPTS
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COEFFICIENTS 3. Balancing Reactions
frame + wheels + chain + handlebars + pedals 1 bicycle 1 frame + 2 wheels + 1 chain + 1 handlebar + 2 pedals 1bicycle What are those numbers? COEFFICIENTS
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H2 + O2 H2O subscripts = # of atoms 3. Balancing Reactions
you get subscripts from knowing how to write formula from the name
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coefficients = how many mols
3. Balancing Reactions 2H2 + O2 2H2O subscripts = # of atoms coefficients = how many mols
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Law of Conservation of Mass
3. Balancing Reactions 2H2 + O2 2H2O Law of Conservation of Mass Need same number of ATOMS on both sides of
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“BALANCE” the reaction by adding COEFFICIENTS
3. Balancing Reactions “BALANCE” the reaction by adding COEFFICIENTS H2 + O2 H2O 2H2 + O2 2H2O
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NEVER change subscripts
3. Balancing Reactions 2H2 + O2 2H2O NEVER change subscripts
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balance by adding subscripts
3. Balancing Reactions NEVER balance by adding subscripts 2H2 + O2 2H2O H2 + O2 H2O2
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Na + Cl NaCl Na + O2 Na2O2 C + S8 CS2 Ca + Cl CaCl2
3. Balancing Reactions Na + Cl NaCl Na + O2 Na2O2 C + S8 CS2 Ca + Cl CaCl2 Al + S8 Al2S3 Na + NaNO3 Na2O + N2
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N2 + H2 NH3 C3H8 + O2 CO2 +H2O CO2 + H2O O2 + C6H12O6
3. Balancing Reactions N2 + H2 NH3 C3H8 + O2 CO2 +H2O CO2 + H2O O2 + C6H12O6 H3PO4 + KOH K3PO4 + H2O NH3 + O2 N2 + H2O C2H6 + O2 CO2 + H2O
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Ni(ClO3)2 NiCl2 + O2 (NH4)2Cr2O7 Cr2O3 + N2 + H2O AgNO3 + AlCl3 AgCl + Al(NO3)3 NH3 + CuO N2 + Cu + H2O C4H10 + O2 H2O + CO2
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Al + HAsO3H2 + Al(AsO3) Al(OH)3 + H2SO4 Al2(SO4)3 + H2O
H3PO4 + Mg(OH)2 Mg3(PO4)2 + H2O Al(OH)3 + H2SO4 Al2(SO4)3 + H2O NH4OH + H3PO4 (NH4)3PO4 + H2O Al + HAsO3H2 + Al(AsO3) C10H22 + O2 CO2 + H2O (fractions?)
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3. Balancing Reactions What does the subscript tell you?
Strategy What does the subscript tell you? What do the coefficients tell you? Which of the above is used when balancing reactions?
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3. Balancing Reactions Pick a compound that only appears once.
Strategy Pick a compound that only appears once. NEVER split compounds, NEVER Leave elements (H2, O2, Cl2 Al, Fe, Zn) until the end Practice is the only way
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4. Mole Ratio set up 3 and 5 as a fraction set up 7 and 2 as a fraction set up 2 and 3 as a fraction
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OBJECTIVE: another step to add to your sideways T
4. Mole Ratio OBJECTIVE: another step to add to your sideways T
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COEFFICIENTS = # of MOLES
4. Mole Ratio 2KI + Pb(NO3)2 PbI2 + 2KNO3 COEFFICIENTS = # of MOLES KI = 2 moles Pb(NO3)2 = 1 mole PbI2 = 1 mole KNO3 = 2 moles
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EVERY stoichiometry problem requires a
2H2 + O2 2H2O You have 3 moles of O2 How many moles of H2O can you produce? How do you solve something like this? EVERY stoichiometry problem requires a MOLE RATIO Check to see if balanced Sideways T and MOLE RATIO
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1.
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4. Mole Ratio COEFFICIENTS = # of MOLES
2KI + Pb(NO3)2 PbI2 + 2KNO3 COEFFICIENTS = # of MOLES You start this reaction with 10 mols of KI. How many mols of PbI2 produced? How many mols of KNO3 produced? solve by using sideways t
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4. Mole Ratio COEFFICIENTS = # of MOLES
2KI + Pb(NO3)2 PbI2 + 2KNO3 COEFFICIENTS = # of MOLES You start this reaction with 10 mols of Pb(NO3)2. How many mols PbI2 produced? How many mols of KNO3 produced? solve by using sideways t
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4. Mole Ratio COEFFICIENTS = # of MOLES
2KI + Pb(NO3)2 PbI2 + 2KNO3 COEFFICIENTS = # of MOLES You need to produce 10 mols of KNO3. How many mols Pb(NO3)2 needed? How many mols KI needed? solve by using sideways t
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How many moles of H2O can you produce?
4. Mole Ratio 2H2 + O2 2H2O You have 3 moles of O2 How many moles of H2O can you produce? You have 3 moles of H2
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43 moles of KI = ? moles Pb(NO3)2? 43 moles of KI = ? moles PbI2?
2Na + Cl2 2NaCl 5 moles of Na = ? moles Cl 5 moles of Na = ? moles NaCl CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O 2 moles of O2 = ? moles CH4? 2 moles of O2 = ? moles CO2? 2 moles of O2 = ? moles H2O? Cu + 2AgNO3 2Ag + Cu(NO3)2 4 moles of AgNO3 = ? moles Cu? 4 moles of AgNO3 = ? moles Ag? 4 moles of AgNO3 = ? moles Cu(NO3)2? 2KI + Pb(NO3)2 PbI2 + 2KNO3 43 moles of KI = ? moles Pb(NO3)2? 43 moles of KI = ? moles PbI2? 43 moles of KI = ? moles KNO3?
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4. Mole Ratio Summary & Review What do the coefficients tell you? How can you tell that your sideways T is setup correctly? Fe2O3 + 2Al →2Fe + Al2O You have 3.30 mol of Fe2O3. How many moles of Fe?
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OBJECTIVE:Molar Mass + Mole Ratio
5. Stoichiometry HWY OBJECTIVE:Molar Mass + Mole Ratio
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2H2 + O2 2H2O 5. Stoichiometry HWY You have 64 grams of O2
How many moles of H2O can you produce? How do you solve something like this? Calculate Molar Mass Grams Mol Mole Ratio
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Steps to solve stoichiometry problems
5. Stoichiometry HWY Steps to solve stoichiometry problems Convert grams to mols - calculate molar mass - side ways T (how to setup?) Use Mole Ratio to move from this side of to this side - how to setup?
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5. Stoichiometry HWY 2Na + Cl2 2NaCl
500 grams of Na will make how many mols of NaCl? Write in complete sentences of how to solve this question Then solve
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a. 100 g of Br2. How many mols BrF5?
Br2 + 5F2 2BrF5 a. 100 g of Br2. How many mols BrF5? b. 100 g of F2. How many mols of BrF5? C5H12 C5H8 + 2H2 a. 100 grams of C5H12. How many mols C5H8? b. 100 grams of C5H12. How many mols H2? 3. 2H2 + O2 2H2O a. 100 grams of O2 can produce how many mols H2O? b.100 grams of H2 can produce how many mols H2O?
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How many grams H2O can be produced
Solid lithium hydroxide is used in space shuttles to remove carbon dioxide. Lithium hydroxide and carbon dioxide react to produce lithium carbonate, Li2CO3, and water. 2LiOH + CO2 Li2CO3 + H2O How many grams H2O can be produced by 1000 grams of LiOH?
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Steps to solve stoichiometry problems
5. Stoichiometry HWY Steps to solve stoichiometry problems Convert grams to mols - calculate molar mass - side ways T (how to setup?) Use Mole Ratio to move from this side of to this side - how to setup? 3. Convert mols to grams
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5. Stoichiometry HWY 1 Alka Seltzer tablet has about
C6H8O7 + 3NaHCO3 → 3H2O + 3CO2 + Na3C6H5O7 1 Alka Seltzer tablet has about 1.92 grams of NaHCO3 produces how many mols of CO2?
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how many grams of CO2? how many grams of H2O
Mg +O2 2MgO 25.5 g Mg. How many grams MgO? How many grams O2? C6H12O6 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 1150 g of sugar, C6H12O6. ? Grams C2H5OH ? Grams CO2 C5H11OH + 15O2 CO2 + 12H2O 88 grams C5H11OH, how many grams of CO2? how many grams of H2O CH3NO2 + 3Cl2 CCl3NO2 + 3HCl 500 grams CCl3NO2. How many grams CH3NO2 How many grams Cl2NO2 How many grams HCl
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Mg +O2 2MgO 25.5 g Mg. How many grams MgO? How many grams O2? C6H12O6 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 1150 g of sugar, C6H12O6. ? Grams C2H5OH ? Grams CO2
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how many grams of CO2? how many grams of H2O
C5H11OH + 15O2 CO2 + 12H2O 88 grams C5H11OH, how many grams of CO2? how many grams of H2O CH3NO2 + 3Cl2 CCl3NO2 + 3HCl 500 grams CCl3NO2. How many grams CH3NO2 How many grams Cl2NO2 How many grams HCl
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5. Stoichiometry Summary & Review
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OBJECTIVE: Running out of ingredients
6. Limiting Reactants OBJECTIVE: Running out of ingredients
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Which will run out first?
6. Limiting Reactants 8 buns + 12 patties Which will run out first?
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Limiting Reactant Excess Reactant
The reactant that controls the quantity of product that can form in a chemical reaction Stuff that runs out first The reactant that is not completely used up in a chemical reaction Stuff left over
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6. Limiting Reactants 8 buns + 12 patties Which is limiting?
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6. Limiting Reactants 4 franks + 12 buns Which is limiting?
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2H2 + O2 2H2O 6. Limiting Reactants
10 moles of H2 10 moles of O2. How many moles of H2O? How to Solve? Identify limiting reactant. Limiting Reactant = Smaller Number
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6. Limiting Reactants 2Fe + 3S Fe2S3 Fe + S Fe2S3 10 moles of Fe
12 moles of S How many moles of Fe2S3? (Identify limiting reactant)
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6. Limiting Reactants NO +Cl2 NOCl 100g of NO 100g of Cl2
How many mol of NOCl?
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6. Limiting Reactants Fe + S Fe2S3 150 g of Fe 120g of S.
How many grams of Fe2S3? Go to Word Document
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H2 +N2 NH3 25g of H2, 35g of N2. How many liters of NH3?
6. Limiting Reactants H2 +N2 NH3 25g of H2, 35g of N2. How many liters of NH3?
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6. Limiting Reactants How can you identify which reactant is limiting?
Summary & Review What is a limiting reactant? What is an excess reactant? How can you identify which reactant is limiting?
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OBJECTIVE: Measuring Efficiency
7. Percentage Yield OBJECTIVE: Measuring Efficiency
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Efficiency of a reaction = Percentage Yield
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Formula for Percentage Yield
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This is what you have been calculating so far
Actual Yield Theoretical Yield This is what you have been calculating so far What is actually produced when you do the reaction
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2Al + 6HCl -> 2AlCl3 + 3H2 You calculated a theoretical yield of 8.77 grams for AlCl3. But only 5.66 grams of AlCl3 is actually produced. What is the percentage yield? You start with 1 mol of Al. The actual yield for H2 is What is the percentage yield for H2?
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7. Percentage Yield 2Al + 6HCl -> 2AlCl3 + 3H2 The theoretical yield is 98.5 grams for AlCl3. This reaction has 77 percentage yield. What is the actual yield?
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2H2O2 -> 2H2O +O2 How many L of O2 is produced from 250g of H2O2?
If reaction has 68% yield, how many L of O2 is actually produced?
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2P +Cl2 -> 2PCl3 500 L of PCl3 needs to be produced. The reaction as a 75% yield. How many grams of Cl2 is needed?
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How many grams of Cl2 is needed?
2P +Cl2 -> 2PCl3 500 L of PCl3 needs to be produced. The reaction as a 75% yield. How many grams of Cl2 is needed? Hint: Find theoretical yield of PCl3. Then 3-step starting with 500L of PCl3 and finding grams of Cl2
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3H2 + N2 2NH3 40L of H2, 15L of N2, ? L of NH3 Actual Yield is 17.9L of NH3, what is % Yield? If reaction has % Yield of 82%, how many L of NH3 would be produced? N2 is in excess, reaction has 62% Yield. 500L of NH3 need to be produced. How many grams of H2 is needed?
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7. Percent Yield Summary & Review What is the point of percent yield?
What is the formula for percent yield? What is the difference between the actual yield and the theoretical yield?
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February 24, 2014 Agenda Shapes of Covalent Compounds
Covalent Compound Word Problems Homework Section Review 6.3 #7,9, 11 Covalent Compounds Handout
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February 24, 2014 WARMUP What is a dipole?
What is the symbol for a dipole? What causes the charges on dipoles? What happens when you put two + sides of a magnet together? What happens when you put two – sides of a magnet together? What is this action called?
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February 20, 2014 (E) AGENDA Applying Geometry to Covalent Compounds
Quiz HOMEWORK 1. Chapter Review 1936
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Complete table on separte paper
K+ Fe3+ NH4+ Ba2+ Cl- 12g 3.27 mol SO42- 79.3g 65.30 mol PO43- 123.4g 2.31 mol NO3- 423.1g OH- 1.497g 1.985 mol ? mols ? grams
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