1. Evaluating North Atlantic Ocean Circulation and Properties
B. Moat1, B. Sinha1, J. Hirschi1, P. Holliday1, G. McCarthy1, and S. Olsen2
1) NOC UK, 2) DMI
RAPID ARRAY
OSNAP
GSR
EEL
OVIDE
What’s happening in the Subpolar
North Atlantic (from observations)
2) High resolution hindcast and coupled
model evaluation (BLUE-ACTION)
Aim: look at the heat and freshwater
transport anomalies into the Arctic.
3) Links to Ocean Metrics
STATION M
2.1 Assessment of key lower latitude influences on the Arctic and their simulation [Lead: NERC; Participants: UoS, NLeSC, MPI, HAV, GEOMAR, NIOZ, SAMS, MRI, MSS, UHAM, UNIRES, CNRS, DMI, UIB, NCAR, WHOI, MEOPAR] [Start: Month 1, End: Month 36; Deliverables associated to this task: D2.1, D2.2, D2.3, D2.4]
At key locations, Blue-Action
*** will compare observations of heat and freshwater transport to state-of-the-art coupled climate models (HadGEM-Charisma, IPSL, CESM) and high resolution ocean-only models (e.g., NEMO (1/24°)).
In-situ ocean data originating from transport mooring arrays (TMAs) and hydrographic GO-SHIP sections will be complimented with remote sensed data from Argo profiling floats, from underwater gliders and satellite data (including existing missions, and new missions data from Jason-3 and Sentinel-3, when they are operational).
***Correspondence, compensation or feedback between these ocean heat transport estimates and atmospheric heat transport will be examined in the coupled model simulations (D2.1) [NERC, MPI, UoS, NLeSC, GEOMAR, SAMS, NIOZ, MRI, HAV, MSS, UHAM, CNRS, UNIRES, UIB, NCAR, WHOI].

RAPID 2004.
OVIDE. Every 2 years since 2002.
OSNAP: 2014 to present. Data released in the Autmn of 2017.
EEL: 1975 to then EEL to present. Annual.
M: 1948 to Mooring in place. 4 CTD to 100m a week m CTD weekly.
¼ degree eqivalents with an N216 atmosphere.
Rcp 8.5
b) go6 and geo7 atmos (25km resolution)
Qunatify different water massess across EEL, OVIDE ?
volcanoes, solar, aerosols,  greenhouse gases (ALL FORCED)
Baring strait – University of Washington Rebecca Woodgate ? 0.8Sv inflow and 26 Sv psu
Station M – 1948 to 2009 daily CTD to 1000m, weekly CTD to 2200m. Mooring since 2010 (DNMI?)
Testing ? Is the AMOC realistic ???
Modelling Workshop
Evaluating climate and Earth
System models at the process level.
23-24 May 2017, Brussels.

2. EEL: 1975 to 1996. then EEL to present. Annual.
2.1 Assessment of key lower latitude influences on the Arctic and their simulation [Lead: NERC; Participants: UoS, NLeSC, MPI, HAV, GEOMAR, NIOZ, SAMS, MRI, MSS, UHAM, UNIRES, CNRS, DMI, UIB, NCAR, WHOI, MEOPAR] [Start: Month 1, End: Month 36; Deliverables associated to this task: D2.1, D2.2, D2.3, D2.4]
At key locations, Blue-Action
*** will compare observations of heat and freshwater transport to state-of-the-art coupled climate models (HadGEM-Charisma, IPSL, CESM) and high resolution ocean-only models (e.g., NEMO (1/24°)).
In-situ ocean data originating from transport mooring arrays (TMAs) and hydrographic GO-SHIP sections will be complimented with remote sensed data from Argo profiling floats, from underwater gliders and satellite data (including existing missions, and new missions data from Jason-3 and Sentinel-3, when they are operational).
***Correspondence, compensation or feedback between these ocean heat transport estimates and atmospheric heat transport will be examined in the coupled model simulations (D2.1) [NERC, MPI, UoS, NLeSC, GEOMAR, SAMS, NIOZ, MRI, HAV, MSS, UHAM, CNRS, UNIRES, UIB, NCAR, WHOI].

RAPID 2004.
OVIDE. Every 2 years since 2002.
OSNAP: 2014 to present. Data released in the Autmn of 2017.
EEL: 1975 to then EEL to present. Annual.
M: 1948 to Mooring in place. 4 CTD to 100m a week m CTD weekly.
¼ degree eqivalents with an N216 atmosphere.
Rcp 8.5
b) go6 and geo7 atmos (25km resolution)
Qunatify different water massess across EEL, OVIDE ?
volcanoes, solar, aerosols,  greenhouse gases (ALL FORCED)
Baring strait – University of Washington Rebecca Woodgate ? 0.8Sv inflow and 26 Sv psu
Station M – 1948 to 2009 daily CTD to 1000m, weekly CTD to 2200m. Mooring since 2010 (DNMI?)
Testing ? Is the AMOC realistic ???

3. ESA CCI : http://www.esa-sst-cci.org/
Cci 1991 to prsent
ESA CCI :
EN :

4. Berx: http://data.marine.gov.scot/dataset/sub-polar-gyre-index
Thus, when the SPG is strong, there is an eastward shift of cold, fresh waters, as a branch of the NAC peels off into the Rockall Plateau (RP, Figure 2).
Conversely, a weak SPG allows subtropical waters to extend north and west, spreading warm, saline conditions over the RP [Hátún et al 2009a]. Therefore, the SPG index (calculated from altimetry) is used as an indicator of the climatic forcing over the NA [Hátún et al 2005, Hátún et al 2009b, Häkkinen and Rhines 2004].
McCarthy:
Berx:

5. EEL: 1975 to 1996. then EEL to present. Annual.
2.1 Assessment of key lower latitude influences on the Arctic and their simulation [Lead: NERC; Participants: UoS, NLeSC, MPI, HAV, GEOMAR, NIOZ, SAMS, MRI, MSS, UHAM, UNIRES, CNRS, DMI, UIB, NCAR, WHOI, MEOPAR] [Start: Month 1, End: Month 36; Deliverables associated to this task: D2.1, D2.2, D2.3, D2.4]
At key locations, Blue-Action
*** will compare observations of heat and freshwater transport to state-of-the-art coupled climate models (HadGEM-Charisma, IPSL, CESM) and high resolution ocean-only models (e.g., NEMO (1/24°)).
In-situ ocean data originating from transport mooring arrays (TMAs) and hydrographic GO-SHIP sections will be complimented with remote sensed data from Argo profiling floats, from underwater gliders and satellite data (including existing missions, and new missions data from Jason-3 and Sentinel-3, when they are operational).
***Correspondence, compensation or feedback between these ocean heat transport estimates and atmospheric heat transport will be examined in the coupled model simulations (D2.1) [NERC, MPI, UoS, NLeSC, GEOMAR, SAMS, NIOZ, MRI, HAV, MSS, UHAM, CNRS, UNIRES, UIB, NCAR, WHOI].

RAPID 2004.
OVIDE. Every 2 years since 2002.
OSNAP: 2014 to present. Data released in the Autmn of 2017.
EEL: 1975 to then EEL to present. Annual.
M: 1948 to Mooring in place. 4 CTD to 100m a week m CTD weekly.
¼ degree eqivalents with an N216 atmosphere.
Rcp 8.5
b) go6 and geo7 atmos (25km resolution)
Qunatify different water massess across EEL, OVIDE ?
volcanoes, solar, aerosols,  greenhouse gases (ALL FORCED)
Baring strait – University of Washington Rebecca Woodgate ? 0.8Sv inflow and 26 Sv psu
Station M – 1948 to 2009 daily CTD to 1000m, weekly CTD to 2200m. Mooring since 2010 (DNMI?)
Testing ? Is the AMOC realistic ???

6. WP2.1 Model-observation and re-analyses comparison at key locations for heat transport to the Arctic
RAPID ARRAY
OSNAP
GSR
EEL
OVIDE
STATION M
1) NEMO Ocean only hindcast
1/12° 1958 to 2015
1/12° 1958 to present day (ACSIS)
2) Three (HadGEM3) - Coupled simulations
All are 1/12° Ocean N512 Atmosphere
20 year control run
b) 100 year control run (RUNNING NOC)
fixed present day CO2
c) 100 year “all-forced” run to present day
and then a RCP scenario
1950 to 2050 (RUNNING UK MET OFFICE ?)
2.1 Assessment of key lower latitude influences on the Arctic and their simulation [Lead: NERC; Participants: UoS, NLeSC, MPI, HAV, GEOMAR, NIOZ, SAMS, MRI, MSS, UHAM, UNIRES, CNRS, DMI, UIB, NCAR, WHOI, MEOPAR] [Start: Month 1, End: Month 36; Deliverables associated to this task: D2.1, D2.2, D2.3, D2.4]
At key locations, Blue-Action
*** will compare observations of heat and freshwater transport to state-of-the-art coupled climate models (HadGEM-Charisma, IPSL, CESM) and high resolution ocean-only models (e.g., NEMO (1/24°)).
In-situ ocean data originating from transport mooring arrays (TMAs) and hydrographic GO-SHIP sections will be complimented with remote sensed data from Argo profiling floats, from underwater gliders and satellite data (including existing missions, and new missions data from Jason-3 and Sentinel-3, when they are operational).
***Correspondence, compensation or feedback between these ocean heat transport estimates and atmospheric heat transport will be examined in the coupled model simulations (D2.1) [NERC, MPI, UoS, NLeSC, GEOMAR, SAMS, NIOZ, MRI, HAV, MSS, UHAM, CNRS, UNIRES, UIB, NCAR, WHOI].

RAPID 2004.
OVIDE. Every 2 years since 2002.
OSNAP: 2014 to present. Data released in the Autmn of 2017.
EEL: 1975 to then EEL to present. Annual.
M: 1948 to Mooring in place. 4 CTD to 100m a week m CTD weekly.
¼ degree eqivalents with an N216 atmosphere.
Rcp 8.5
b) go6 and geo7 atmos (25km resolution)
Qunatify different water massess across EEL, OVIDE ?
volcanoes, solar, aerosols,  greenhouse gases (ALL FORCED)
Baring strait – University of Washington Rebecca Woodgate ? 0.8Sv inflow and 26 Sv psu
Station M – 1948 to 2009 daily CTD to 1000m, weekly CTD to 2200m. Mooring since 2010 (DNMI?)
Testing ? Is the AMOC realistic ???

7. Temperature/Heat transports at 26.5°N4 3 2 1 -1 -2 -3
(Moat et al. 2016, JGR-Oceans)
RAPID thick line, model thin line
ORCA083 (PW)
RAPID
(PW) FC
2.54±0.16
2.50±0.25
EKMAN
0.34±0.31
0.35±0.30
Mid- Ocean
-2.02±0.27
-1.81±0.31
WBW
0.12±0.21
0.12±0.18
EDDY
-0.02±0.06
0.08±0.03
Total
heat
transport
0.93±0.32
1.24±0.36
Temperature/Heat Transports (PW)
RAPID: ±4.60 Sv
ORCA083: ±4.03 Sv
Extending to SALT and FW fluxes.
1/12° NEMO hindcast model overestimates the Southwards Mid-Ocean
temperature transport.
Model HT 0.3 PW lower than RAPID, but good agreement in the variability.

8. Heat transports at 26.5°N 2 COUPLED 1/12 CONTROL 1.1 ± 0.26 PW
COUPLED, R2=0.92
HINDCAST, R2=0.84
Johns 2011, R2=0.94
Heat transport (PW)
1.1 ± 0.26 PW
0.94 ± 0.22 PW
Mean over RAPID period = 1.24±0.36 PW
NEMO 1/12 HINDCAST
MOC (Sv)
Larger variability in 20year coupled model 1/12 degree
RAPID: ±4.60 Sv
ORCA083: ±4.03 Sv
COUPLED : 15.3 ± 3.6 Sv
Rsquare COUPLED = 0.92
Rsquare hinf = 0.84
10 year coupled mean HT / PW
10 year ocean only mean HT / PW
Johns 0.079*MOC-0.12
Extending to SALT and FW fluxes.
25Km resolution atmosphere
8.3 km, becoming finer at higher latitudes such that at 608N/S it becomes 4.6 km.
Model info : Hewitt et al. (2016)
Roberts et al. (2016)

9. OSNAP Challenge 2017 (NOC won)
NEMO 1/12 hindcast
OSNAP time series from the array will be released October 2017.
OSNAP time series out in October 2017

10. FSC FSC IF DS DS EGC Inflow Overflow/Outflow Østerhus et al., in prep.
Center for Ocean and Ice
Inflow Overflow/Outflow
FSC
FSC IF DS DS
EGC
Østerhus et al., in prep.
Steffen M. Olsen, DMI, Copenhagen DK

11. 26N AMOC time series: April 2004 to Oct 2015 (update to Feb 2017 in October )
Contact: or
26N HT time series : April 2004 to March 2014 update to Feb 2017 in October )
Contact: Bill Johns
OSNAP time series : Summer 2014 to Summer 2016 (will be released in the
Autumn 2017)
Contact:
OVIDE : every two years since ( 2018 and cruises in planning stage )
Contact: Marie-Noelle Houssais
Faroe Shetland Channel Transport Mooring Array  ( 1993 to present )
Barbara Berx Karin Margretha H. Larsen
Bering Strait : 1990 to present.