1. What are hot topics in GIscience, Geoinformatics, GeoIT and how to prove this?
Gisience: theories and concepts
Presentation from Gabriel Schendl

2. Content (1) Hot topics in Gisicence, Geoinformatics, GeoIT
Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI)
Definitions and Introduction
Pillars of VGI
Examples of VGI: Wikimapia, OpenStreetMap
VGI as input for research and mapping
Quality of VGI
Reasons for collecting VGI
VGI: hot topic in Giscience, Geoinformatics, and GeoIT

3. Content (2) Indoor Positioning Systems (IPS)
Definition and Introduction
Topologies of IPS
Classifications of IPS
Components of IPS
Performance of IPS
Introduction to positioning methods
Introduction to IPS technologies
IPS: hot topic in Giscience, Geoinformatics, and GeoIT

4. Hot topics Big data Social media data OBIA and ABIA Crime analysis
Volunteered Geographic Information
Collective Sensing / Location Based Services
Indoor Positioning

5. VGI: Definitions and Introduction
Definition: „geographic information acquired and made available to others through the voluntary activity of individuals or groups, with the intent of providing information about the geographic world (Elwood, Goodchild et al. 2012)“
VGI refers to „the creation of new geographically-based initiatives and abilities in Web sites by large numbers of untrained private citizens with or without formal geographic expertise or qualification (Loo Arancibia 2011)“
Involvement of people creating information
New development of GIS

6. Pillars of VGI

7. Examples of VGI: Wikimapia
(accessed on January 3, 2017)

8. Examples of VGI: OpenStreetMap
(accessed on January 3, 2017)

9. VGI: input for research and mapping
VGI: impact on science
VGI: input for scientific research
Citizen science part of scientific disciplines
VGI: fulfil quality requirements for scientific research (?)
Volunteers gathering mapping data

10. Quality of VGI Quality of VGI not perfect
Information quality standards not really considered
Quality control in VGI
Metadata standards not used in VGI

11. Reasons for collecting VGI
Eight reasons after Loo Arancibia (2011):
Altruism
Professional or personal interest
Intellectual stimulation
Protection or improving personal investments
Social reward
Better own reputation
Being creative
Pride of place

12. VGI: hot topic in GIscience, Geoinformatics and GeoIT
Amount of literature on VGI increased
90 percent of data collected in the last 2 years
Most VGI activities done in the last five years

13. Indoor Positioning: Definition and Introduction
Indoor Positioning: “system that continuously and in real-time can determine the position of something or someone in a physical space such as in a hospital, a gymnasium, a school, etc. (Gu et al. 2009)”
IPS: „aim to provide location estimates for wireless devices such as laptop computers, handheld devices, and electronic badges (Madigan et al )“
Indoor positioning more complex than outdoor positioning
Positioning: “determination of a position of an object or a person (Mautz 2012)“

14. Topologies of IPS Four topologies: Remote Positioning System
Self – Positioning
Indirect Remote Positioning
Indirect Self - Positioning

15. Classifications of IPS
Classification based on wireless network infrastructure
Network – based IPS
non – network – based IPS
Classification based on architecture
Self positioning systems
Infrastructure Positioning System
Infrastructure-assisted and self-oriented systems

16. Components of IPS

17. Performance of IPS

18. Introduction to positioning methods
Cell of Origin
Centroid Determination
Polar Point Method
Dead Reckogning

19. Introduction to IPS technologies
Active Badge location system
Active Bat
SpotOn ad hoc location system
Cricket location support system

20. IPS: hot topic in GIscience, Geoinformatics and GeoIT
90 percent of time spent indoors
Growing importance of position based services
Many application areas today

21. Literature (1)
Coleman, D. J., et al. (2009). "Volunteered Geographic Information: The Nature and Motivation of Produsers." International Journal of Spatial Data Infrastructures Research 4:
Coutalides, R. (2015). Innenraumklima. Wege zu gesunden Bauten. Thun, Werd & Weber Verlag AG.
Elwood, S., et al. (2012). "Researching Volunteered Geographic Information: Spatial Data, Geographic Research and New Social Practice." Annals of the Association of American Geographers. 102:
Feldmann, S., et al. (2003). An indoor Bluetooth-based positioning system: concept, implementation and experimental evaluation. Proceedings of the International Conference on Wireless Networks ICWN '03. Las Vegas: 5.
Flanagin, A. J. and M. J. Metzger (2008). "The credibility of volunteered geographic information." GeoJournal 72:
Goodchild, M. F. (2007). "Citizen as sensors: the world of volunteered geography." GeoJournal 69:
Gu, Y., et al. (2009). "A Survey of Indoor Positioning Systems for Wireless Personal Networks." IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials 11.1:
Kaemarungsi, K. (2005). Design of indoor positioning systems based on location fingerprinting technique, University of Pittsburgh: 178.

22. Literature (2)
Liu, H., et al. (2007). "Survey of Wireless Indoor Positioning Techniques and Systems." IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part C: Applications and Reviews 37.6:
Loo Arancibia, S. C. (2011). Volunteered Geographic Information. A Conceptual Model and Analysis of Volunteered Data. Centre for Geo-Information. Wageningen, Wageningen University: 57.
Madigan, D., et al. (2005). Bayesian Indoor Positioning Systems IEEE 24th Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societes.
Mautz, R. (2009). "Overview of current indoor positioning systems." Geodesy and Cartography 35(1):
Mautz, R. (2012). Indoor Positioning Technologies. Institute of Geodesy and Photogrammetry, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zurich: 127.
Schiller, J. and A. Voisard (2004). Location-based services. San Francisco, Elsevier.
Sui, D., et al. (2012). Crowdsourcing Geographic Knowledge: Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) in Theory and Practice. DOI / _1

23. Thank you for your attention!