1. Range of Motion

2. Definition
the extent of movement that a joint is capable of performing
Range of motion is used when doing routine activities such as bathing, eating, and dressing

3. Purpose of ROM To prevent problems caused by a lack of movement
To prevent problems caused by inactivity, such as:
contractures: a tightening and shortening of a muscle (e.g. footdrop)
Muscles may atrophy (shrink) when they are not used
Joints become stiff
Blood clots and pressure sores may develop

4. Active Range of Motion
movements performed by the patient without help

5. Passive Range of Motion
movement cannot be performed by the patient;
the health care worker must move each joint through its range of motion

6. General rules for Range of Motion
Use good body mechanics; raise the bed to your waist level if the patient is in bed
Expose only the body part being exercised
Explain to the patient what you are going to do and teach the patient how to do them

7. General rules for Range of Motion
Support the extremity being exercised
Move each joint until there is resistance but not pain
Move each joint slowly, smoothly and gently
Return the joint to a neutral position after the movement
Repeat each exercise 3-5 times

8. Joint Movement Abduction: moving a body part away from the midline
Adduction: moving a body part toward the midline
Flexion: bending a body part
Extension: straightening a body part

9. Joint Movement Hyperextension: excessive straightening of a body part
Rotation: moving in a circle at a joint
Pronation: turning a body part downward
Supination: turning a body part upward

10. Joint Movement Inversion: turning a body part inward
Eversion: turning a body part outward
Dorsiflexion: bending toes backward toward face
Plantar Flexion: pointing toes downward (like a ballerina)

11. Body Mechanics

12. Body mechanics Body alignment
Definition: Using all of your body parts efficiently to lift and move safely
Body alignment
Refers to the correct positioning of head, back, and limbs

13. Posture
Definition: Position of body parts in relation to each other.
Mobility
Definition: The ability to move.

14. Balance
Definition: The ability to maintain a steady position that does not tip.
Body support
A device used to support the body at work to reduce damage when lifting, moving and transferring patients

15. Techniques to use
Use stronger, larger muscles to perform tasks which require physical effort.
When moving a heavy object, try to push or pull instead of lifting the item
Get help if object feels too heavy to lift

16. Techniques to use Lift in a smooth motion to prevent injury
Maintain good posture
Avoid twisting the body
Bend knees, keep back straight, spread feet about one foot apart, use leg muscles when lifting

17. Body Mechanics
Conditions which affect moving, lifting, or transferring clients
-Obesity -Fragility
-Amputation -Paralysis
- Extra equipment needs
- Altered level of consciousness
- Language barriers
- Hearing or vision loss

18. Let’s Practice…