1. Institute for Energy and Transport B. Giechaskiel, G. Martini
41st PMP MEETING
Institute for Energy and Transport
Joint Research Centre
B. Giechaskiel, G. Martini
12 Oct 2016

2. PMP meetings 2016-01-13: PMP 38th (GRPE Geneva summary)
: PMP 40th (telco)
: (GRPE Geneva summary)
: PMP 41st

3. Raw exhaust (tailpipe) sampling
Experimental program
Primary dilution
Losses
Volatile removal efficiency
Pressure effects
Time alignment
JRC will wait for experimental data
Limited number of tests from PN-PEMS for HD program

4. Results from PN-PEMS program
PMP at CVS (APC 489, AVL) and PMP at tailpipe (Nanomet, Testo)
Correction of calibration factor 10%.
Cycles like WHVC, ISC, high load points
Exhaust flow estimated from CVS
Results from 5 vehicles, >140 cycles (34 of duration 3h each)

5. Experimental setup (JRC)
Not engine test bed Euro VI vehicles Low (thermophoretic) losses due to position of PMP_TP EFM uncertainty <5%

6. V1 & V5

7. V3 & V8

8. V2 (CNG)

9. Experimental setup (MAN)
APCs at tailpipe with 0.5 m heated line 150oC
APC at PFD (Nova Microtrol)
No feeding back the flow
Euro VI engines (diesel, CNG)
Different settings at the PFD
WHTC and WHSC
Tyroller et al. 2016, ETH poster

10. Results (MAN) Differences within 20% Higher with CNG engine
PFD setting
effect?
Tyroller et al. 2016, ETH poster

11. Raw exhaust sampling Preliminary results show 20% differences
Input from others is necessary
Theoretical investigation of uncertainty

12. Calibration of PN systems
Review of open issues (30th)
Presentation of key areas (33rd)
Questionnaire sent for optimizing procedures and minimizing areas of future investigation
Summary of first replies (35th)
Volatile Removal Efficiency (37th)
Decision to start a PNC round robin (38th)
Update of round robin (39th)

13. PNC Reference PNC: ISO Slope: 0.9 to 1.1, residuals ±4% (from 10%)
k factor: should be included (and reported) – ok
Material: soot, emery oil -> TSI, AVL, JRC workshop
ISO 27891: Should be adopted, with applic. notes
Steepness criteria: needs addition of another size
Drift: Monitored (as WLTP)

14. VPR Calibration PNC: calibrated, Require CE23nm>90%
One or two PNC method: Concerns with two PNCs method due to non linearity Intercalibrated
Stability: Decrease from 10% to 3% (5%?)
Neutralizers: One
Material: Stable
Penetration and DF: ok
Polydisperse validation: GMD 50nm, GSD 1.8 ok
C40: Require air for generation, d50%=10nm, higher initial concentration, add bigger size  to be investig

15. PNC Calibration Round Robin
Confirm that the k factor can be included in the final counting efficiencies
Investigate the possibility to change the calibration material
Applicability to PN-PEMS procedures
Investigate the possibility to calibrate at 10 nm

16. Targets Repeatability Reproducibility
Harmonization (PMP – aviation – PN-PEMS)
Expandability (shift to 10 nm)
Based on the above, the research work should investigate:
10 nm and 23 nm CPCs
CPCs with different steepness
Propanol and butanol based CPCs
DCs

17. Participants presentations
BMW
AVL VW

18. New mandate / ToR
The PMP groups has submitted to GRPE an updated draft version of the ToR and request a new mandate with two new specific concrete objectives:
Sub 23 nm exhaust particles:
Demonstrate the feasibility to measure sub23nm particles with the existing PMP methodology with appropriate modifications and assess measurement differences/uncertainties by means of a round robin
Brake wear particles:
Development of a suggested common test procedure for sampling and assessing brake wear particles both in terms of mass and number:

19. Objectives of a Round Robin with CS
Demonstrate feasibility to measure sub23nm
Examine the need of a catalytic stripper (CS)
Confirm the draft requirements and calibration procedures of sub23nm protocol
Recommend a technology-independent, traceable calibration standard (including transfer system, VPR/CS/…, measuring device), if measurement technology has to be adapted.
Evaluate measurement differences/uncertainties
Evaluate sub23nm fraction of modern engines

20. PN system 10nm (VPR) Catalytic Stripper included
VRE test to be defined PN-PEMS 1mg/m3
Calibration: Thermally stable particles >5000 p/cm3 at 15nm
PCRF(10nm)/PCRF(100nm)<2
Desired also lower values: Input from manufacturers
PCRF = average (30nm, 50nm, 100nm)
Note: Only 50% of the sub-23nm particles are counted

21. PN system 10nm (PNC) Counting efficiency 10nm: 50%
To maximize the measurement of >10 nm particles
Counting efficiency 15nm: >90% (? To be checked)
Calibration: Emery oil or other equivalent (under investigation)

22. Implementation of 10nm protocol
One CS+10nm unit to circulate (at least)
CVS: TOPAS diluter+CS(cat.instr) (?)
CVS or TP: APC/CS
CVS or TP: SPCS/CS
Comparison with PMP systems (+10nm)
One more 10nm to circulate in parallel with labs PMP
Different labs will test different engine technologies
One golden vehicle from JRC (GDI with GPF?)
Time frame: JRC by the end of the year to have instruments (?) and preliminary tests in Jan 2017 (?)

23. HORIZON 2020
Participants presentations
DownToTen
PEMS4nano
SUREAL-23

24. HORIZON 2020 projects Topic DownToTen PEMS4nano SUREAL-23 Objective
Instrumentation
Fuel efficient G-DI engine
Instrumentation + vehicle testing
Size [nm]
>5-10
>10
>1
Technology
any
CPC
Not defined
Prototype
2019 Jan
2018 start
Testing
many
Single cylinder and other
Validation of instrument
Prototype limited availability to others
PMP link
Important
Medium