1. Development

2. Development is…
Process of successive (positive) changes in a society as it seeks to meet the needs of its people.
Culturally relative process; definition of needs varies from society to society.

3. Development vs. Growth
Development: long-term, structural change in a society
Growth: short-term, positive and negative changes in a society

4. Internal Differences in Development

5. Development Classifications
Developed vs. Underdeveloped [1]
Developed, Moderately Developed, Less Developed, Least Developed [2]
The Four Worlds [3]
First: industrialized, free-market, capitalist nations
Second: centrally-planned (communist bloc) economies
Third: Historically meant all other countries; Today associated more with emerging economies (less developed)
Fourth: UN recognized “least developed” states

7. Development Classifications (cont’d)
Global North and South Line: Brandt Line [4]
Broad, and not wholly accurate, generalization to emphasize the distinctions between the rich, advanced, developed countries of the northern hemisphere and the rest of the world.
Placed all of Europe, North America, Australia, Japan, New Zealand and the former USSR as the North.

8. The Brandt Line

9. Levels of Development [5]
Least Developed Countries
Developing Countries
Industrialized, Developed Countries (MDCs)
LDCs

10. Three Tier Structure [6]
Core
Processes that incorporate higher levels of education, higher salaries, and more technology
* Generate more wealth in the world economy
Periphery
Processes that incorporate lower levels of education, lower salaries, and less technology
* Generate less wealth in the world economy
Semi-periphery
Places where core and periphery processes are both occurring. Places that are exploited by the core but then exploit the periphery.
* Serves as a buffer between core and periphery

12. World Bank Classification [7]
Based on income
Low income
Middle income
High income