1. Impact of Alcohol and Copper on Nutrional Outcomes
Julie A. Kable
Claire D. Coles

2. Analytic Strategy
Identified simple linear relationships between 6- mo Bayley scores (MDI and PDI) and micronutrient values after controlling for gestational age of collection
Developed Interaction Terms between micronutrients and alcohol
Analyzed interaction terms and Bayley outcomes
Forward hierarchical regression analysis to determine if the interaction term added unique variance after adjusting for alcohol exposure (Model F (1,41)=4.3, p < .04, R-square=.095)

3. Relationship between Nutrient-Alcohol Interaction Variables and 6-mo Bayley Psychomotor Scores
Nutrient Interaction Variable
Model-F-value
Model R-Square
Nutrient Interaction t-score
Nutrient R-Square Change Zn
2.83, p < .07
.124
-1.150, p < .257
.029 Ca
2.63, p < .09
.116
-0.973, p < .336
.021 Cu
8.65, p < .003
.256
-2.940, p < .005
.161
Cp Activity
3.71, p < .033
.156
-1.705, p < .096
.061 Fe
2.84, p < .070
1.157, p < .254 Mg
6.06, p < .005
.233
-2.678, p < .011
.138
C-Reactive
3.57, p < .038
.151
-1.628, p < .111
.056
Transferrin
2.10, p < .135
.095
-0.054, p < .957
.000
Ferritin
2.11, p < .135
-0.103, p < .918

4. Alcohol and Mg Interaction Effect

5. Copper and Alcohol Interaction

6. Copper Status (Normal vs High*) Relative to Exposure Status
Copper Group
Normal
High
Mental Developmental Index
Non-exposed
94.4 (10.6)
94.6 (12.3)
Alcohol Exposed
93.6 (9.8)
81.2 (20.7)
Psychomotor Developmental Index
98.8 (10.5)
99.0 (8.2)
93.9 (13.1)
79.4 (25.5)
*Cu values < 75%

7. Forward Hierarchical Regression Analysis* of Nutrient Variables
Cardiac OR Index and Nutrient Variable
Overall Model-F-value
Model R-Square
Nutrient t-score
Nutrient R-Square Change
Avg Hab-Cu
88.92, p < .000
.828
2.390, p < .019
.013
Avg Hab HR Diff-Cu
7.86, p < .000
.298
-2.390, p < .019
.054
Hab Latency-Cu
4.843, p < .002
.207
2.311, p < .024
.057
Hab HR -Cp Activity
88.4, p < .000
.827
2.30, p < .024
.012
Hab Latency- Cp Activity
5.42, p < .001
.227
2.703, p < .009
.076
Hab Diff HR- Cp Activity
7.70, p < .000
.294
-2.303, p < .024
.051
Hab Latency-Ca
4.30, p < .004
.188
1.87, p < .066
.038
Avg Hab-Ca
90.6, p < .000
.830
2.635, p < .010
.016
Avg DHab-Ca
20.87, p < .000
.545
1.768, p < .082
.021
Avg Hab HR Diff-Ca
8.24, p < .000
.308
-2.635, p < .010
.065
Avg DHab HR Diff-Ca
7.26, p < .000
.312
-1.768, p < .082
.034
*Controlling for baseline HR, stimulus type, and alcohol group

8. Magnesium Status (Normal vs High*) Relative to Exposure Status
Magnesium Group
Normal
High
Mental Developmental Index
Non-exposed
94.1 (12.7)
95.3 (3.8)
Alcohol Exposed
91.8 (15.8)
87.9 (10.7)
Psychomotor Developmental Index
99.9 (10.7)
96.3 (6.5)
92.8 (19.9)
85.4 (13.1)
*Mg values < 50%

9. Indices of Cardiac Orienting Responses
Measure
Direction of Optimal Responding
Average HR
Lower scores
Average HR Difference
Higher scores
Average Latency (Speed)
Average Slope
Lower scores (more negative slopes)
Average Peak

10. Combined Habituation Trials Combined Dishabituation Trials
Partial Correlations of Indices of Cardiac Orienting Responses and Micronutrient Variables
Avg Hab HR
Avg Diff HR
Avg Slope
Latency
Combined Habituation Trials Ca
.310**
-.310**
.216* Cu
.267*
-.267*
.171T
.274*
Cp Activity
.296**
-.296**
.320**
Transferrin
.181 T
Cu*ALC
.221*
-.221*
Cp Activity*ALC
.253*
-.253*
Transferrin * ALC
.200 T
-.200 T
Combined Dishabituation Trials
.272*
-.272*
.252*
.216 T
-.216 T
.198 T Mg
.194 T
-.194 T
Ferritin
Ca* ALC
.209 T
-.209 T
.212 T
-.212 T
.205 T
.238*
-.238*
.231*
Mg*ALC
.220 T
-.220 T
.223 T
Zn* ALC
.182 T
-.182 T
.257*
-.257*
Fe*ALC
-.188 T
.188 T

11. Forward Hierarchical Regression Analysis
Forward Hierarchical Regression Analysis* of Nutrient Interaction Variables
Cardiac OR Index and Nutrient Interaction Variable
Overall Model-F-value
Model R-Square
Nutrient Interaction t-score
Nutrient R-Square Change
Avg Hab HR-Cu
88.2, p < .000
.827
2.27, p < .026
.012
Avg Hav HR Diff-Cu
8.04, p < .000
.243
-2.27, p < .026
.049
Avg Hab Slope-Cu
4.23, p < .043
.074
2.06, p < .043
.124
*Controlling for baseline HR, stimulus type, and alcohol group

12. Copper Status (Normal vs High*) Relative to Exposure Status
Average HR Difference Habituation Trials (auditory and visual stimuli combined)
Copper Normal
Copper High
Non-exposed
7.4 (1.3)
8.1 (2.0)
Exposed
6.5 (1.6)
1.5 (2.4)
Average HR Difference Dishabituation Trials
(auditory and visual stimuli combined)
Copper Normal
Copper High
Non-exposed
3.7 (1.9)
0.2 (3.0)
Exposed
0.2 (2.6)
-3.9(3.7)
*Least Square Means and standard error