1. Progression in written methods for addition
NNS recommendations

2. Stage 1: counting on in multiples of 100, 10 or 1
I can find Watch!
= = 143

3. Stage 2: horizontal format using partitioning
The most significant digits are added first since this is how children will be used to adding two-digit numbers mentally.
This is like how I do it in my head! = =
= 91

4. Stage 3: expanded vertical layout working left to right
The most significant digits are added first in order to model mental methods.
368
+ 493
700
150 11
861
I can use a paper and pencil method to do these calculations! 47
+ 76
110 13
123

5. Stage 4: vertical format working right to left
The least significant digits are added first in order to start to use and understand standard methods.
368 11
150
700
861
This is not too difficult!

6. Stage 5: standard method
The standard contracted algorithm is used using ‘carrying’ where appropriate.
I understand how to use this method because really it is the same as the others I’ve used!
368
861
1 1