1. Strategies for Reading the Ruler

2. Background – World Wide
Two main systems of measurement
Metric System
Based on the number 10
U.S. Customary System
Based on halving or doubling units

3. Ways to Measure Carpenters have a saying, “measure twice, cut once.”
This simple statement is more a rule then words.
If you measure wrong, there is no way to stretch boards, pipes, hoses or anything else you cut.
Wrong cuts cost money.

4. Tools for Measuring

5. Tape Measure: flexible fabric, plastic or steel that is housed in a case or on a reel. There is usually a “hook” on the end that allows you to hook it onto the objects you are measuring.
Long Tapes and Wheels: For measuring long distances from 25 to 300 feet or more.
Folding Rules (Zigzag Rules): folding or bending wooden rulers that are good for angles and odd bends.
Squares: L-shaped 90° measure that is used in creating building angles.

6. Types of Squares: Try, Speed, Measuring, Miter, T and Speed: Used for checking angles, measures, drawing angles. Used in construction; especially in joints, staircases and rafters.
Micrometer: Used for exterior and interior precise measurements. Used in engines and tight places. Extremely small reading errors.
Level: Used to measure the horizontal and vertical degrees.
Chalk Line Reels: Used for marking long straight lines.

7. Why Measure?? To only do the job once
To purchase the correct amount of materials
To be sure that code restrictions are met
To figure our cost of project
To determine correct fit

8. Background – World Wide
What countries besides the U.S. have not adopted the metric system?
All countries have adopted the metric system, including the United States. However, in nearly all countries people still use traditional units. For a country to switch to metric is a process that happens over time. Only 3 countries in the world, have not officially adopted metric as their primary system of measuring.

9. Background – World Wide
Myanmar (formly known as Burma)
United States
Liberia (Settled by free-men and former enslaved blacks after America’s Civil war.
Three countries have not officially adopted the International System of Units as their primary or sole system of measurement: Liberia, Myanmar, and the United States.

10. Background – United States
The U. S. has switched to Metric with
Sporting Events - Olympics
Military
Medicine
Scientific studies

11. Background – United States
At this time, Manufacturing; Transportation; and Construction Industries; are primarily using the U.S. Customary system. In certain sectors, the conversion is obvious (i.e. – Automobiles). However, in these industry areas the changes have not been as complete.
This is the reasoning for studying both measurement systems used in the United States.

12. Protractor
Yard Stick
Framing Square
Meter Stick
Tape Measure
Architect's Scale

13. Metric Details Millimeters and Centimeters 2 centimeters
10 millimeters = 1 Centimeter
10 Centimeters = 1 Decimeter 1 2
2 centimeters
Lets find this point!

14. Metric Details Millimeters and Centimeters 8 millimeters
10 millimeters = 1 Centimeter
10 Centimeters = 1 Decimeter 1 8 2 7 3 6 4
8 millimeters 5
Lets find this point!

15. Metric Details Millimeters and Centimeters
10 millimeters = 1 Centimeter
10 Centimeters = 1 Decimeter 1
10 Centimeters or 1 Decimeter
Lets find this point!

16. U. S. Customary Details Name – U.S. Customary System
12” in a Ruler
12” = 1 foot
The units of the ruler are:
1/16” (smallest distance)
1/8” ¼” ½”
One Inch
One Foot (largest distance)

17. U. S. Customary Details 1” 2” Inches (1”) on a section of the ruler
Counted the space which equals the inch unit.

18. ½” U. S. Customary Details 1” 2”
Half - Inches(1/2”) on a section of the ruler 1” 2” ½” 1
of 2 parts in an inch

19. 1/4” U. S. Customary Details 1” 2”
Fourth – (1/4”) on a section of the ruler 1” 2”
1/4” 1
of 4 parts in an inch

20. 1/8” U. S. Customary Details 1” 2”
Eighth – (1/8”) on a section of the ruler 1” 2”
1/8” 1
of 8 parts in an inch

21. 1/16” U. S. Customary Details 1” 2”
Sixteenths – (1/16”) on a section of the ruler 1” 2”
1/16” 1
of 16 parts in an inch

22. Strategies for reading the ruler
TWO WAYS OF LEARNING
Traditional & Patterns
Traditional
Fractions and reducing
Example – Count every line to that point then divide by an even number on the top and bottom if it needs reduced
Count to the whole number for the bottom of the fraction 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 6 16 2 . 3 8 = 1” 2”
Lets find this point!

23. Strategies for reading the ruler
TWO WAYS OF LEARNING
Traditional
Fractions and reducing
Example – Count the lines then divide by an even number on the top and bottom if it needs reduced.
Count to the whole number for the bottom of the fraction 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 4 16 . 1 4 = 1” 2”
Lets find this point!

24. Strategies for reading the ruler
SECOND WAY OF LEARNING
Non -Traditional
Patterns –
Example – Count only lines that are the length or longer than the destination line.
Count to the whole number for the bottom of the fraction 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 3 8
Same length
Longer length
Three of 8 parts of an inch!
No reducing needed!
Lets find this point! 1” 2”

25. Strategies for reading the ruler
SECOND WAY OF LEARNING
Non -Traditional
Patterns –
Example – Counting patterns will always be in lowest terms. No reducing needed!
Count to the whole number for the bottom of the fraction 1 2 3 4 1 4
Lets find this point! 1” 2”
One of 4 parts of an inch!

26. Strategies for reading the ruler
Count whole numbers first!
Past an inch
Count whole numbers then the fraction in either method.
Example -
Count to the whole number for the bottom of the fraction 1 2 3 4 1” 4 1
One whole Inch
Lets find this point! 1” 2”

27. TWO Measurement Systems
Summary
TWO Measurement Systems
Metric
Each line is a millimeter and every 10 lines is a centimeter.
Get Ready to Practice and Good luck!
U.S. Customary
Halving or doubling units.
Units – 1/16, 1/8, ¼ , ½ or inch
Can count each line & reduce or count patterns.