1. Blood Stem Cells RBC Life Cycle Anemia WBCs Marieb 17
Be able to identify the formed elements and where they are formed. Be able to describe the concepts of potency, lineage, and commitment specifically in relation to RBCs.
Be able to describe the steps involved in the production of a RBC and name the cells associated with these steps.
Be able to explain why red blood cells die and how they are recycled.
What does EPO do?
What is anemia?
Marieb 17

2. RBC Formation Hematopoiesis-blood cell formation Red marrow
Sinusoidal Capillaries
bil/day

3. Blood Cell Lineage Hemocytoblast Potency Committed cells
Lineage- family tree
Potency- measure of how many different types of cells and arise form a particular cell
Totipotent- can make all cells, even extra embryonic tissue
Pleuripotent- can make all cells of the body
Multipotent- can make all or most of the cells in a tissue type
Unipotent- can make only a single type of cell
Committed cells- point at which a particular cell is committed to its fate (usually used to discuss when a cell is multipotent)
Cell fate- process of a cell committing to a particular pathway

4. Birth of a Red Blood Cell: Division
Hematocytoblast
Myeloid Stem Cell
Proerythroblast
Hematocytoblast = Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)
Proerythroblast is committed
May only divide to make a proerythroblast and a early erthyroblast
or make two proerythroblasts

5. Birth of a Red Blood Cell: Maturation 1
Early erthyroblast
Late erthyroblast
Normablast
Early erthyroblast- basophilic. These cells are still able to divide and contain all the organelles found in a normal cell and A LOT of ribosomes
Late erthyroblast- build up of iron and hemoglobin
Normablast- ejection of the nucleus and mitochondria

6. Birth of a Red Blood Cell: Maturation 2
Reticulocyte erthyroblast
Mature Red Blood Cell
Reticulocytes immature RBCs.
Still contain ribosomes for 2-3 days
Represent about 2% RBCs in circulation

7. Death of a Red Blood Cell
day life span
Macrophages
Fe Recovered
Bilirubin (yellow)
As they age cells get stuck in areas with slow circulation
Spleen recovers cellular components
Liver recovers heme components
Bilirubin is a by-product of porphyrin ring breakdown

8. Bilirubin Disposal Begins in the Liver
Bile
Urine
Urocobilin
Feces:
Stercobilin
Jaundice
Stercoblin- bilrubin in bile altered in digestive process

9. Obstructive Jaundice
Failure of bilirubin to enter the bile

10. Control of Red Blood Cell Production
Erythropoietin
(EPO)
Kidney
Trigger: low O2
Speeds Maturation of RBCs

11. Anemias Aplastic anemia Iron deficiency anemia Pernicious anemia
Anemia= cell based failure in delivery O2 to tissue
Aplastic anemia- failure in RBC formation
Iron deficiency anemia- lack of Fe in Heme group
Pernicious anemia- B12 important in the formation of RBCs
B12 recovered from diet
Intrinsic factor is needed to recover b12

12. Sickle Cell Anemia Single amino acid change 1 in 400 African-Americans
1 in 13 carriers

13. Leukocytes: White Blood Cells
Normal Cells
/μl
Immune Function
Leukocytosis

14. Leukocytes are Important in Immune Function
Granulocytes
Agranulocytes
Mnemonic
Granulocytes: ”grainy” cells, tend to have a short life span and are produced as needed
Agranulocytes: NOT ”grainy” cells, some can live for decades
Basic=blue
Acidic= red

15. Granulocytes: Neutrophils
Neutral pH
Lysozymes
Hydrogen peroxide
Kill Bacteria, fungi
Phagocytes
Show up during inflammation
Pus!

16. Granulocytes: Eosinophils
Eosin reveals acidic enviroments
Kills worms
Deal best with parasitic worms
Often located near connective tissues

17. Granulocytes: Basophils
“Base-loving”
Histamine
Inflammation Response
Signals other cells
Causes vasodilation

18. Agranulocytes: Monocytes
Largest WBC
Turn into macrophages
Viruses
Chronic Infections

19. Agranulocytes: Lymphocytes
25% of WBCs
Blood supply
Spleen, lymph nodes
Many varieties
Will discuss when we talk about immunity