1. Carbon About half the dry weight of cells
Single bonds with O, H, N & C
Fee rotation
Tetrahedral (109.5 bond angle)

2. Carbon Double bonds with O, N, & C
Shorter bond (0.135 nm vs nm)
No rotation
Planar (120)

3. Carbon

4. Hydrocarbons
Aliphatic
Straight chain
Branched
Cyclic
Aromatic

5. Functional Groups

6. Functional Groups

7. Functional Groups

8. Functional Groups

9. Functional Groups

10. Functional Groups

11. Different chemical and physical properties
Geometric Isomers
Differ in arrangement of their substituent groups with respect to double bonds
Different chemical and physical properties

12. Stereoisomers Same bonds, but different configurations
Enantiomers – mirror images
Diastereomers – non-mirror images

13. Stereoisomers

14. Stereoisomers

15. Stereoisomers D L

16. Stereoisomers

17. Stereochemistry – 3D structure
Enzyme – substrate
Hormone receptor – hormone
Transport protein
Neurotransmitter – receptor
Antibodies – foreign objects