1. Chapter Four: The organization of life

2. Section One: Ecosystems: Everything is Connected
Ecosystem: all the living organisms living in an area together with their physical environment
Have no clear boundaries
Things move from one ecosystem to another

3. Section One: Ecosystems: Everything is Connected
Components of an Ecosystem
Biotic factors: the living and once living parts of an ecosystem
Abiotic factors: nonliving parts of an ecosystem

4. Section One: Ecosystems: Everything is Connected
Organism: an individual living thing
Species: a group of organisms that can mate to produce fertile offspring
Humans are members of the Homo sapiens species

5. Section One: Ecosystems: Everything is Connected
Population: all the members of the same species that live in the same place at the same time.
Members of a population only breed with members of their same population

6. Section One: Ecosystems: Everything is Connected
Communities: a group of various species that live in the same place and interact with each other
Made of only biotic components

7. Section One: Ecosystems: Everything is Connected

8. Section One: Ecosystems: Everything is Connected
Habitat: the place where an organism lives
Has specific biotic and abiotic factors organisms need to survive

9. Section Two: Evolution
Charles Darwin proposed natural selection
Said some traits were hereditary
Natural selection: survival and reproduction of the organism with particular traits
Evolution: a change in the genetic characteristics of a population from one generation to the next

10. Section Two: Evolution
Evolution and Natural Selection
Nature selects for certain traits
Survival of the fittest

11. Section Two: Evolution
Evolution and Natural Selection
Adaptation: an inherited trait that increases the organisms chance of survival and reproduction in a certain environment

12. Section Two: Evolution
Evolution and Natural Selection
Coevolution: the process of two species evolving in response to long-term interactions with each other

13. Section Two: Evolution
Evolution by Artificial Selection
Artificial selection: selective breeding of organisms by humans for specific characteristics

14. Section Two: Evolution
Evolution of Resistance
Resistance: the ability of one or more organisms to tolerate a particular chemical designed to kill it
Pesticide resistance

15. Section Three: The Diversity of Living Things
Archaebacteria and Eubacteria
Both lack a nucleus
Some can cause diseases
Archaebacteria: found in extreme places such as hot springs
Eubacteria: common bacteria found in soil and animal bodies
Examples: E. coli

16. Section Three: The Diversity of Living Things
Fungi
Fungus: an organism whose cells have a nucleus and cell walls
Some can cause diseases
Break down bodies and body parts of dead organisms
Some are used to add flavor to food

17. Section Three: The Diversity of Living Things
Protists
Protists: a diverse group of one-celled organisms and their many celled relatives
Some are animal-like and some are plant- like
Algae are the most important protists

18. Section Three: The Diversity of Living Things
Plants
Lower Plants
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms

19. Section Three: The Diversity of Living Things
Lower Plants
Ferns and mosses
First land plants

20. Section Three: The Diversity of Living Things
Gymnosperms
Woody plants that produce seeds not enclosed in fruit
Pines

21. Section Three: The Diversity of Living Things
Angiosperms
flowering plants that produce seeds in fruit
Some have small flowers that produce pollen

22. Section Three: The Diversity of Living Things
Animals
Invertebrates: animals that lack backbones
Examples: Insects, squids, coral

23. Section Three: The Diversity of Living Things
Animals
Vertebrates: animals that have backbones
Examples: reptiles, amphibians, mammals, birds