1. Quote from the Diet of Worms
Best title for a church meeting ever

2. The Reformation for the 21st Century
Week 5
Issues and Answers, Reformation Sunday
October 29, 2017

3. Class Outline
Today: The aftermath of the Diet of Worms, The Doctrine of Justification
Nov 5: Stan Ott
Nov 12: Clay and Becky Walter
Nov 19 & 26: Steve Radcliff

4. Diet of Worms Streets lined with peasants cheering for Luther
Over 2,000 people escorted him to his lodging
The next day at 4 PM Luther is escorted to a meeting of the emperor, the electors, and others.
Luther’s prayer that night
The following day

5. The Aftermath of Worms
Spanish Catholics call for Luther to be burned at the stake
The Bundschu
The Edict of Worms presented May 25, 1521
Emperor Charles the 5th banned Luther’s writings, declared him a heretic and an enemy of the state.
Electoral Saxony is exempt per Charles the 5th
Containment better than war
Luther is kidnapped on his return to Wittenberg
Taken to Wartburg Castle in Eisenach
What other famous person is from Eisenach?
Lives incognito
Given the name, “Junker Georg” – or “Knight George”
Translates the Greek NT into German

6. Conflict turns to Violence
Luther translates the NT from Greek into German at Wartburg
In the meantime, Wittenberg leadership passes into the hands of:
Carlstadt, Melanchton, Zwilling
These three reform marriage, Lord’s supper
No more private masses for the dead
Mass presented in German for the first time
Indulgences abolished
Lack of agreement between old guards priests and reformers quickly gets out of hand
Smashing of relics and stain glassed windows led by Zwilling and Carlstadt
No more music “the lascivious notes of the organ awaken thoughts of the world”
Luther returns anonymously in Dec 1521

7. Luther returns to Wittenberg
The three men from Saxon town of Zichau
No bible required; Led by “the Spirit”
Frederick the Wise and the Bishop of Meissen agree to investigation putting a halt to further reforms
Territories are to issue reforms, not merely towns
Town Council invites Luther to return
Zwilling leaves, Carlstadt agrees not to preach
Luther returns to utter chaos
Preaches powerful sermons in early 1522
Carlstadt expelled
Frederick gives Luther strong protection and reformation proceeds
Luther now becomes the primary leader
Carlstatdt was a legalist
No graven images
Rejected infant baptism
Dressed as a peasant
The Revolutionary sainst – Munster of Zwicckau – rejected all baptism
Dualisim of scripture and the spirit
Got elelected as minister in the Saxon town of Alstedt

8. Additional Thoughts on Luther
Peasant revolt – probably Luther’s worst writing
The Anabaptists - charged with sedition
The problem of the Jews is not one based on race, but trying to deal with a group of citizens who are not Christian
Caution against reading things into the past – making anachronisms
There would have been no peasants revolt in Saxony without Munster
Anabapitsts – Sermon on the Mount was the literal code for all Christians
renunciation of oaths, the sword, pacifism
Even thought they were evalgelsimtic, they could never submit to the unconverted community
Subjected to the death penalty in Zurich

9. Additional Thoughts on Luther
He gets married
Has children teaching them the catechism everyday along with other neighborhood children
The Bondage of the Will – answer to Erasmus
Tabletalk
Dies in 1546 getting ill while away in Mansfield

10. Justification by Faith
Protestant Reformation
What exactly are we protesting?
Before sanctification – Protestants
After sanctification – RC view
RC view
Through the administration of the sacraments, particularly the sacrament of baptism
Grace is INFUSED into the soul
The person who receives grace, must assent to it for it to be efficacious “cooperate with” as in Trent/Vatican I
Infused grace can be gained and lost

11. Roman view of Justification
So, what happens to someone who has been infused in baptism but commits a mortal sin afterwards?
A mortal sin causes justification to be nullified while faith is maintained
A person is restored to grace through the sacrament of penance
It wasn’t the intermediary of a priest where the reformers aimed, it was the works of penance or works of satisfaction
The Roman church called this the “second plank of justification” for those who have shipwrecked their faith

12. Roman View of Justification
But Luther said there was nothing we can do to add to our justification.
Rome does not teach justification by works
Faith is a necessary condition for justification
But it is not a sufficient condition for justification
The council of Trent ( ) established the Roman Church’s position on justification in response to the reformation.

13. The Council of Trent
CANON 9:  "If any one saith, that by faith alone the impious is justified; in such wise as to mean, that nothing else is required to co-operate in order to the obtaining the grace of Justification, and that it is not in any way necessary, that he be prepared and disposed by the movement of his own will; let him be anathema.“
Canon 24:  "If any one saith, that the justice received is not preserved and also increased before God through good works; but that the said works are merely the fruits and signs of Justification obtained, but not a cause of the increase thereof; let him be anathema."

14. In Short
So, Rome teaches that a person of faith can temporarily lose justification through a mortal sin
Penance can restore that justification
For Catholics, justification requires faith, requires grace, and the work of Christ
Are these sufficient by themselves?
The dispute is over the word, “alone”
No, on the RC view, it is faith +works, grace + merit, Christ + inherent righteousness to be justified

15. Our View Sola Fide – Justification by Faith Sola Gratia Sola Scriptura
By Faith Alone
Sola Gratia
Sola Scriptura
Solas Cristus
In Christ Alone
Sola Deo Gloria
RC View: Faith + Works = Justification
Protestant View: Faith = Justification + Works
Works adds nothing to the ground of our justification
It is by “faith alone”
Romans 3:19-26
The Tower – the righteous by which we are justified is that which we receive from Christ by faith

16. Imputation
After Worms, many efforts between Rome and the reformers to reconcile differences
At the heart of the controversy, what was the ground upon which God would declare anyone righteous in his sight?
None of us on our own!
What God finds inherent in us vs. what is added to us
“Extra nos” or an alien righteousness
The one word Rome stumbled upon to this day is “imputation”

17. Paul cites Genesis 15
At that time, Abraham “believed God” and his promise and it was “counted to him as righteousness”
Even though he was a sinner, he believed the promise
To impute is to legally transfer to someone else’s account something they don’t have
In contrast according to Rome, this is an infusion via the sacraments and our doing things of merit and on the basis of the infusion, one becomes righteous
But Luther would say is the ground is when God imputes someone else’s righteousness to our account
The righteousness of Christ
We are at the same time just and sinners
A double imputation

18. The Roman response
Rome “heard” that the Protestants promoted antinomianism – “cheap grace”
“We are saved by faith alone, but not a faith that is alone” – Luther
Reformers emphasized 3 aspects of saving faith:
The content of the gospel – faith in the person and work of Jesus
Requires intellectual assent (the mind)
Personal trust and volitional assent (the heart)
You cannot choose something that the mind rejects
The will is an activity of the mind
Saving faith is not some easy choice – it is produced by the regenerating work of God the holy Spirit -

19. Two Other objections
Rome called justification of the reformers a “legal fiction”
Comes back to imputation
James 2:21-23
Was not Abraham justified by works when he offered his son Isaac onto the altar?
Is James an “epistle of straw”?
James is referring back to Genesis 22 (not Genesis 15) which is a reference to Abraham’s obedience to God’s call on his life to sacrifice Isaac
Key to understanding James is to understand what question James and Paul are asking
James says a man is justified by works not by faith only.
Could you not have a clearer statement?
Romans did not correct James or vice versa
Are they different theologies?
Both use the same greek word dikasoonay
Both use Abraham as an example
To reconcile, two important things required

20. Paul and James
James 2:14 - What use is it, my brethren, if someone says he has faith but he has no works? Can that faith save him?
If a person says he has faith, and he has no works, will that kind of faith save him/her?
No!
Works is the showing of faith among others
Paul uses “justify” as a description of how a person is made just before God and is reconciled into a state of salvation
James is talking about justifying a claim before men

21. What really was the reformation about?
How can one be made righteous before a Holy and righteous God?
Comes out in Heidelberg debates
 “Man must utterly despair of his own ability before he is prepared to receive the grace of Christ.”  - Thesis 18
The question of authority – comes out primary at the Leipzig debate with Eck – the church vs. scripture
He calls into question the authority previous papal bulls
Church’s authority rested on the administration of the sacraments
He says that the keys to the church do not reside with papal authority but with the faith every believer.
“I have an authority that is older than yours, - Paul, Peter and John”
The perspicuity of scripture

22. Conclusion
God protects Luther and he generates the foundation of the Five Solas – Sola Scriptura upon which the others are developed and expanded
We receive by faith in Christ alone the righteousness of God
Bainton’s Conclusion

24. What brings Luther to prominence?
When Luther is at Wittenberg before the 95 Theses
He is a nobody – like a community college prof
Two Papal Bulls
Unigenitus – establishment of the treasury of merit and purgatory, 1343
Salvator Noster, 1475, allows for extra merit to be transferred to those in purgatory
Creates the Constitutional basis for indulgences
95 Theses is really a call for a debate about what indulgences are
Example of your teen and your car

25. In a park in the Old City of Geneva, Switzerland
Dr. Peter Jones, 2007