1. READING MEASUREMENT SCALE INSTRUMENTS
INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY
CLASS : X
SEMESTER : 2

2. Reading Measure Scale Local Instrument
There are several methods to measurement of liquid substances : Qualitative measurement commonly used:
Measure glass
Beaker glass
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3. while for the quantitative measurement used:
pipette
burette
measure flask
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4. Definition of Unit Volume
Unit volume for the size of equipment is a glass milliliter (ml) or 1 / 1000 liters in the SI system. This exact similarly with 1 cm3. Capacity flask or tube made of glass with a certain size as defined in the volume of water that moved contens or at a temperature standard at the lowest limit for a dash that has been determined.

5. To obtain a precise reading, the limit must be observed with the lowest use a white background. The correct reading if the lowest point of water at the lowest limit of the edge with the top line (reading right to the line of vision down concave surface liquid).
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6. Flask Volumetric
Flask form beneath the flat, has a pear like shape with long neck and over equipped with closed plastic or glass
Thin line around the neck flask shows high solvent that must be filled, usually at temperatures 20°C. Flask containing appropriate amount of volume in the set.
Easily have fallen because of the length of neck

7. Burette
Burette is a long cylindrical tube, made of glass have a scale, the general 50 ml. Burette scale is divided decreases to 1 / 10 part of each ml or 0.1 ml or read a decreased half-section. 1 / 20 sections for each ml or 0.05 ml.

8. tap burette easy to turn does not leak
Burette most common usage for analysis volumetric . Things that need to be :
tap burette easy to turn does not leak
Wash the burette a little solvent to clean fill burette to sign 0 pairs in the vertical clamp
Turning sign down to sign, and there are no air bubbles in the burette tap
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9. Pipette There are 2 types of pipette
Volumetric pipette or pipette mumps
Measuring pipette
Pipette is used to move some volume of a bottle of liquid with the use pro-pipette

10. The correct technique : Use pro-pipette Pipette upright position
Let Ujung pipette under high liquid, liquid sipping up above the signs / boundary, but enter the previous one and drop pro-pipette drops
Remove pro-pipette
Dried excess fluid outside the pipette
Let the solution flow to a place
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11. Pipette is not washed with clean Pipette clog, does not flow well
Sources of error :
Pipette is not washed with clean
Pipette clog, does not flow well
Meniscus sign is not quite right (not pipette upright)
There are air bubbles in the pipette
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12. Measurement Glass
Capacity Used for the measurement of non quantitatif, produced from the glass material
Capacity (ml)
Scale 5
0,1 10
0,2 25
0,5 50
1,0
100

13. Beaker Glass Used for : Measurements that are not appropriate
Placement substances that are temporarily
To consider and solid solution
Heating fluid Capacity 50 ml, 250 ml, 500 ml.

14. Measure Tool Calibration
The Calibration to Flask Volumetric :
Balanced with the right to use analytical balance flask peck a clean and dry with the cover
Fill pumpkin with a peck aquadest sign up
Close the flask and weigh again peck is flask
Measure the temperature of water in the flask is peck

15. Repeat steps of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, as many as 4 times
Calculate the volume of water mass and volume of the place by 1 gram of water at a temperature the same as that given in the table
Repeat steps of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, as many as 4 times
Calculate tolerance accuracy and at a temperature of 32 ° C water density
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16. Calculation of mass = mass aquadest squash contains aquadest peck - peck mass flask empty
Volume calibration blank = Mass (m) : Mass accuracy (p)
Accuracy = Theoretical volume (T) – Volume practices (P) x 100 %
Tolerance = Q - P

17. Tolerance Table used in the process of making measure flask
Normal Capacity (ml) 25 50
100
250
500
1000
Tolerance (ml)
Class A
± 0.03
± 0.05
± 0.08
± 0.15
± 0.25
± 0.40
Class B
± 0.06
± 0.10
± 0.30
± 0.50
± 0.80

18. Pictures of Local Instruments
Flask Volumetric

19. Burette

20. Volumetric Pipette

21. Measuring pipette

22. Measuring glass

23. Beaker Glass