1. Language of Pathology : i-e Terminology
Incubation period:-
Incubation period is the time that elapses between
the action of a cause and manifestation of disease.
Syndrome:-
A combination of symptoms caused by altered
physiological process.
Course of disease:-
Course of disease is the duration for which the
disease process remains till fate either in the form
of recovery or death.
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2. ABDIAZIZ ABDI MOHAMED ABDI
Morbidity rate:-
Morbidity rate is the percentage/proportion of
affected animals out of total population in a
particular disease outbreak. e.g. out of 100 animals 20 are suffering from diarrhoea, the morbidity rate of diarrhoea will be 20%.
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3. ABDIAZIZ ABDI MOHAMED ABDI
Mortality rate:-
Mortality rate is the percentage/proportion of
animals out of total population died due to disease in a particular disease outbreak. e.g. if in a population of 100 animals, 20 fall sick and 5 died, the mortality rate will be 5%.
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4. ABDIAZIZ ABDI MOHAMED ABDI
Case fatality rate:-
Case fatality rate is the percentage/proportions of animals died among the affected animals. If in a population of 100 animals, 20 fall sick and 5 die,.the case fatality rate will be 25%.
Biopsy:-
Biopsy is the examination of tissues received from living animals.
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5. ABDIAZIZ ABDI MOHAMED ABDI
Infection:-
Infection is the invasion of the tissues of the body by pathogenic organisms resulting in the
Development of a disease process.
Infestation:-
Infestation is the superficial attack of any parasite/organism on the surface of body.
Virulence:-
virulence refers to the degree of damage caused by a microbe to its host.
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6. ABDIAZIZ ABDI MOHAMED ABDI
ETIOLOGY
ETIOLOGY:-
Etiology is the study of cause of disease. It gives
precise causal diagnosis of any disease. Broadly, the cause of diseases can be divided into two:
a. Intrinsic causes.
b. Extrinsic causes.
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7. ABDIAZIZ ABDI MOHAMED ABDI
INTRINSIC CAUSES:-
Those causes which determine the type of disease present within an individual over which he has no control. These causes are further divided into following subgroups:
Genus
Breed
Family
Age
Sex
Colour
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8. ABDIAZIZ ABDI MOHAMED ABDI
Genus:-
Specific diseases occur in a particular genus or
species of animals. e.g. Hog cholera in pigs, Canine distemper in dogs.
Breed/Race:-
Diseases do occur in particular breed of animals
such as: dairy cattle are more prone for mastitis.Brain tumors are common in Bull dog/ Boxer.
Family:-
Genetic relationship plays a role in occurrence of
diseases in animals. e.g. some chickens have resistance to leucosis; hernia in pigs due to weak abdominal wall.
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9. ABDIAZIZ ABDI MOHAMED ABDI
Age:-
Age of animal may also influence the occurrence of diseases such as:
• At young age diarrhoea/pneumonia
• Old age tumor
• Canine distemper - Young dogs
• Strangles - Young horse
• Prostatic hyperplasia - Old dogs
• Coccidiosis - Young chickens
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10. ABDIAZIZ ABDI MOHAMED ABDI
Sex:-
Reproductive disorders are more common in
Females.
• Milk fever, mastitis and metritis in females.
• Nephritis is more common in male dogs than
female, but Bovine nephritis is more common
in females.
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11. ABDIAZIZ ABDI MOHAMED ABDI
Colour:-
Colour may also play role in occurrence of diseases. e.g. squamous cell carcinoma in white coat colour cattle, melanosarcoma in grey and white horses
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12. ABDIAZIZ ABDI MOHAMED ABDI
EXTRINSIC CAUSES:-
Some etiological factors which are present in the
outside environment may cause/influence the
occurrence of disease. These are also known as
exciting cause/acquired cause. Majority of causes
of diseases fall under this group which are further
classified as :-
Physical causes.
Chemical causes.
Biological causes.
Nutritional causes.
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