2. Ottoman Empire Location: Asia Minor
Expanded to…Balkan Peninsula, North Africa, and Middle East.
Took over Constantinople and renamed it Istanbul
Religion: Islam unified the empire

3. China China controlled all foreign trade.
China limited trade with Europe and set up Foreign enclaves (city set aside for foreign trade)
Chinese Goods traded to Europe:
Silk
Tea
Porcelain
Paper

4. Japan Japans Government: Japanese Trade Powerless Emperor
Ruled by a Shogun (Military leader)
Japanese Trade
Isolationism: NO contact or trade with outsiders

5. Mughal Empire Location: North India
Religion: Islam (Mughals spread Islam to India)
Famous Architecture: Taj Mahal
Trading Partners: Europeans (England, Portugal, and Netherlands all set up trading posts)
Goods it Traded:
Textiles (Influenced the
British Textile Industry)

6. The Maya Lasted from 2000 B.C.E. to 1500 C.E.
Famous for the most complex writing system in the New World.
Height: between 300 and 900 C.E.
Cities are spread over: Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador
(3,500 years)

7. Mayan Civilization Government: city-states ruled by a king.
Economy: Agriculture and trade.
Religion: Polytheistic

8. Accomplishments of the Mayans
Hieroglyphic writing
Buildings
Public Buildings for Government or Religious purposes
Studied the Moon, Stars, and Planets.
Mayan Calendar
Collapse: 1500 CE, society decline for unknown reasons
Mayan technology: adapted and developed the ideas they learned from the Olmecs. They improved the building techniques of the Olmec. Maya did not have the metal tools and did not discover the wheel, but they build enormous stone cities that boasted elaborate and highly decorated temple-pyramids and palaces. Also built observatories for studying the heavens. They charted the movements of the moon, stars, and planets. The used their knowledge of astronomy and math to create complex and highly accurate calendars.

9. Aztec Aztecs flourished between 1428 and 1519 C.E.
Destroyed by invaders from Spain (conquistadors)
Aztecs believed that one day they would receive a sign from the gods. They would see an eagle perched on a great cactus with “his wings stretched toward the rays of the sun.” in its beak, the eagle would hold a long snake. When they saw this eagle
Tenochtitlan: Means, “the place of the fruit of the prickly pear cactus.”
Island City became the center of the Aztec Empire.

10. Aztec Society Government: ruled by an emperor. Economy: agriculture.
Religion: polytheistic and built pyramids where the Gods were thirsty for human sacrifice.
No written language.

11. The Aztec Empire Tribute: War was the center of Aztec life
What ever one could provide to support the people.
Collecting Tribute was the empire’s most important business.
War was the center of Aztec life
Successful battles = increased tribute
Sacrifices for their gods
All males were soldiers
Collecting tribute was the empire’s most important business. This helped the support Tenochtitlan’s huge population.
Tribute took the form of whatever one could provide—food, stones, cotton, animals, building materials, etc

12. Ball Game Ball Game: tlachtli Small ring on the wall
Object of the game was to get a rubber ball through ring.
Can only use elbows, knees, or hips!
If you won you were killed!
Religious meaning: the court represented the world and the ball represented a heavenly body. Because of the religious ties the aztecs built their courts near the important temples, like the great temple in tenochtitlan.
Long narrow court
High walls

13. Incan Empire
The Incan Empire developed in the Andes Mountains of South America and lasted from the 1400s to 1532.
Center of the Inca Empire was the capital city of Cuzco.

14. Incan Society Government: ruled by emperor
Economy: agriculture in high altitudes—used terracing
Religion: polytheistic
Terracing prevented water from running off too quickly

15. Religious Beliefs Gods who controlled various aspects of nature.
Most important god was Inti, the god of sun and agriculture god.
Emperor’s family was a descendent of Inti.
Agriculture was a basis of Inca life.
Incans believed that the emperor’s family was a decendent of Inti.
Inti was also the god of agriculture, which was a basis of Icna life.

16. Roads and Messengers Road System was used for communication!
15,000 miles of road
Chasquis, or messangers, carried messages from the Emperor.
They had no written language, but used a system of knots on a cord to record information—called quipu
These roads crossed jungles, high mountains, and raging rivers.
To manage the empire the leaders relied of a system of roads.
Incan officals used these roads to manage the empire. Shelters were planced every 15 to 30 miles to give travelers places to rest.
The roads allowed the emperor to communicate in all distant places. They built messager stations every couple of miles along the main roads. Chasquis or messangers carried these messages from one station to the next. Using this messages could travel more than 250 miles a day. (an elaborate relay system)