1. Florida Keys Fish ID Marine Science Period 3
Coral beauty – not native!! – substitute 4 eye butterfly fish
Flame Fish – not native – substitute Damsel
Florida Keys Fish ID
Marine Science
Period 3

2. Etymology: Latin, serranus = derived from saw, fish saw
Family: Serranidae
Etymology: Latin, serranus = derived from saw, fish saw
Lateral line complete and continuous, not reaching onto caudal fin
Operculum bearing 3 spines
Caudal fin usually rounded, truncate, or lunate; rarely forked
Most are protogynous hermaphrodites,
Bottom-dwelling predators that feed on crustaceans and fishes

3. Red Grouper
Epinephelus morio

4. Warsaw Grouper Epinephelus nigritus
uniformly dark brown, with no distinct markings; dorsal fin with 10 spines; second spine very long (much longer than third); caudal fin squared-off; rear nostril larger than front nostril; young have yellow caudal fin with dark saddle on caudal peduncle; some whitish spots on body 
Epinephelus nigritus

5. Black Grouper
Mycteroperca bonaci

6. Family Coryphaenidae - Dolphinfishes
Slender fishes with compressed head and body.
The single dorsal fin originates on the head and extends over nearly the full length of the body. No spines;
Deeply forked caudal fin.
Forehead steep and high in adult males. Live specimens with exceedingly beautiful colors.

7. Dolphin
Coryphaena hippurus

8. Family: Labridae - Wrasses
Etymology: Latin, labrum = lip or edge
Most jaw teeth with gaps between them; teeth usually jutting outward
Lateral line interrupted or continuous.
Most species are sand burrowers; carnivores on benthic invertebrates; also planktivores, and some small species remove parasites from larger fishes
Most species change color and sex with growth, from an initial phase of both males and females, the latter able to change sex into an often brilliantly colored terminal male phase

9. Hogfish
Lachnolaimus maximus

10. Family: Lutjanidae - Snappers
Etymology: Malay, ikan lutjan, name of a fish
Dorsal fin continuous or slightly notched
Pelvic fins originating just behind pectoral base
Mouth terminal, Jaws bearing enlarged canine teeth
Most species are predators of crustaceans and fishes, several are planktivores

11. Yellowtail Snapper
Ocyurus chrysurus

12. Mutton Snapper
Lutjanus analis

13. Cubera Snapper
Lutjanus cyanopterus

14. Family: Carangidae - Jacks
Etymology: French, carangue = name of fish given in Caribe
Body generally compressed though some are fusiform
Scales along lateral line often modified into spiny scutes
Large juveniles and adults with 2 dorsal fins
Anterior dorsal fin with 3-9 spines; the second having 1 spine and usually soft rays
Widely forked caudal fin
Caudal peduncle slender
Fast swimming predators of the waters above the reef and in the open sea
Some root in sand for invertebrates and fishes

15. Permit
Trachinotus falcatus

16. Palometa
Trachinotus goodei

17. Rachycentridae - Cobia Family
Rachycentron canadum

18. Scorpaenidae- Scorpionfish
found in all tropical and temperate seas.
Body compressed
head usually with ridges and spines;
Usually 1 dorsal fin, often notched.
Dorsal, anal, and pelvic spines can bear venom gland.
The family contains the world's most venomous fishes, many of them brightly colored. Most species live on or near the bottom and feed on crustaceans or fishes

19. Red Lion Fish
Pterois volitans

20. Sphyraenidae - Barracudas
Elongated body.
Large-mouthed with the lower jaw projecting forward bearing strong fanglike teeth. Upper jaw non-protractile, an adaptation to feeding on large prey.
Well-developed lateral line. Position of pectoral fins relatively low. Dorsal fins far apart.

21. Great Barracuda
Sphyraena_barracuda

22. Family: Pomacanthidae – Angelfishes
Etymology: Greek, Poma- = operculum, acanth- = spine.
Strongly compressed body
Spine on preoperculum
Caudal fin rounded to strongly lunate
Typically diurnal
Several species are protogynous hermaphrodites
Three basic feeding styles: predation on sessile invertebrates, herbivory and planktivory

23. Rock Beauty
Holacanthus tricolor

24. Family: Chaetodontidae –Butterfly Fishes
Entomology: Greek, Chaet- = bristle, odont- = tooth
Highly compressed body.
Dorsal fin continuous, with 6-16 spines and soft rays
Caudal fin with 15 branched rays, usually rounded
Scales extend onto dorsal fins
Mouth small, terminal with a band or rows of small brushlike teeth
Typically diurnal
Many feed on a combination of coral polyps or jellyfish tentacles, small invertebrates, fish eggs, and filamentous algae while others are planktivores
Most species occur as heterosexual pairs

25. Four-Eyed Butterfly Fish
Chaetodon capistratus

26. Family Istiophoridae - Billfishes
Premaxilla and nasal bones produced, forming a spear-like bill or rostrum with a rounded cross-section. Bill used for stunning prey fish.
Jaw teeth present.
Two keels on each side of caudal peduncle in adults.
Dorsal fin extending over much of body length; sometimes resembling a sail. Dorsal fin can be depressed into a groove.
Lateral line persists in life.

27. Atlantic Sailfish
Istiophorus albicans

28. Xiphiidae - Swordfish
Xiphias gladius

29. Megalopidae – Tarpon Family
Fusiform, compressed body.
Mouth terminal, oblique or superior, lower jaw prominent,
Single dorsal fin without spines
Pectorals very low.

30. Tarpon
Megalops atlanticus

31. Holocentridae- Squirrelfish Family
Dorsal fin long with spines and a notched soft-rayed part with rays.
Forked caudal fin;
Large eyes.
Spiny-edged operculum.
Usually reddish in color.
Most are nocturnal. Usually cryptic during the day in crevices or beneath ledges of reefs, along with cardinal fishes, bigeyes, and sweepers.

32. Longspine Squirrelfish
Holocentrus rufus

33. Sciaenidae – Drum/Croaker Family
found worldwide, in both fresh and salt water, and are typically benthic carnivores, feeding on crustaceans and smaller fish
long dorsal fin reaching nearly to the tail
mouth is set low and usually ventral
croaking involves the beating of abdominal muscles against the swim bladder

34. Jackknife Fish
Equetus lanceolatus 

35. Syngnathidae -Pipefishes & seahorses
from Greek, syn meaning fused or together, and gnathus meaning jaws.
elongated snouts, fused jaws, absence of pelvid fins, and thick plates of bony armor covering their bodies
 male fertilizes eggs and carries them during incubation
Male seahorses have a specialized ventral pouch to carry the eggs,
male sea dragons attach the eggs to their tails
male pipefish may do either, depending on their species

36. Lined Seahorse
Hippocampus erectus

37. Scrawled Cowfish
Family Ostraciidae
Acanthostracion quadricornis

38. Porcupine Fish – Family Diodontidae
Diodon hystrix

39. Family: Pomacentridae – Damsel Fish
Etymology: Poma- = opercle, centron = spine, (refers to pointed margin of opercle)
Body usually deep and compressed
Small mouth
Incomplete and interrupted lateral line
Many species are highly territorial herbivores, omnivores, or planktivores.
Lay elliptical demersal eggs that are guarded by the males
Included in this family are the anemonefishes

40. Yellowtail Damsel
Microspathodon chrysurus

41. Whale shark – Family Rhincodontidae
Rhincodon typus