1. CLIC klystron modulators R&D R&D and Purchasing strategy
D. Aguglia & D. Nisbet (TE-EPC-FPC)
24th April 2012

2. Power Systems for the CLIC Project
The CLIC PBS for powering
Commercial systems
R&D
CLIC klystron modulators R&D strategy proposal

3. CLIC klystron modulators R&D strategy proposal
Objective of meeting
Outline requirements for CLIC project
Summarise strategy and choices
Describe financial implications
Discuss detailed implementation
CLIC klystron modulators R&D strategy proposal

4. CLIC studies & klystron modulators specs
~1600 klystron Modulators required here
Modulator main specifications
Pulse voltage
Vkn
150 kV
Pulse current
Ikn
160 A
Peak power
Pout 24 MW
Rise & fall times
trise 3 μs
Flat-top lenght
tflat
140
Repetition rate
Repr 50 Hz
Flat-top stability
FTS
0.85 %
Pulse reproducibility
PPR 10
ppm
Pulse efficiency definition
~300MW required for kly. mod.
CLIC studies goal:
Demonstrate technical & financial feasibility
Full scale kly. mod. prototypes required
Resources + time schedule = Mandate!
Financial resources available for feasibility demo + realisation of 2 working prototypes for 2016
Collaboration needed & Encouraged to improve resources & expertises for this challenging project!
CLIC klystron modulators R&D strategy proposal

5. CLIC studies & klystron modulators specs
Technology challenges
Need for a global approach!
Different solutions must be explored (transformer based, fully solid state, HV & LV solutions)
Machine availability
With more than 1600 modulators, reliability, modularity & redundancy must be optimized for maximum accelerator availability
Pulse to pulse reproducibility:
10 to 100ppm
Modulator and voltage measurement reproducibility never achieved before!
Modulator topology selection considering:
Efficiency maximization (max. power limited)
Reproducibility
Constant power consumption
Satisfactory accelerator availability
AC power quality optimization
More than 1600 modulators pulsing synchronously! Utility grid power fluctuation minimized (~1%) – tough charger design
CLIC klystron modulators R&D strategy proposal

6. R&D philosophy - @ CERN vs. collaborations
Need for partners in specialized fields but with global understanding of the whole system
CERN must have the intellectual property and expertise in high performance klystron modulators
Again, global design approach!
Very few institutions have all the skills to work in this domain
The R&D process needs a global approach to the system!
CERN coordinates the R&D program
Specifications from grid and from klystrons
What are the specs the modulator (Charger, voltages selection, PFS)?
CLIC klystron modulators R&D strategy proposal

7. Modulators general description
Several methods for utility grid connection / big impact on performances & cost
LV connection to grid
HV connection to grid
ESS = Energy Storage System
During CLIC studies the following main questions/topics will be addressed:
Is it possible to produce the specified voltage pulse?
Fully solid state vs. transformer based solutions…who’s best?
What is the influence of utility grid voltage selection vs. performances?
CLIC klystron modulators R&D strategy proposal

8. Capacitor Charger Development
R&D partners
Survey of European Universities and institutions
Application  
PFS Development
Capacitor Charger Development
Universities HV
short pulses
Long pulses
pulse Transfo
bouncer
SW stack
AFE
Resonant topologies
Strathclyde University (UK) þ
Loughborough University (UK)
Ecole Polytechnique Paris
Research Centre Karlsruhe (DE)
Université de Pau (FR)
Eindhoven (NL)
Oxford (UK)
EPFL (CH)
ETH (CH)
Nottingham (UK)
Institutions
Desy (DE)
PSI (CH)
ESS (SE)  þ
ETH Zürich is the only University/Institution having proven experience in all requested domains. The quality of R&D and realizations is also the highest!
CLIC klystron modulators R&D strategy proposal

9. CLIC klystron modulators R&D strategy proposal
R&D partners
Proposed & qualified partner
ETH Zürich (Leading European University in PP)
Expertise in all fields (chargers, grid, HV, pulse transformers, bouncer circuits)
Hold enough competencies to optimally design, assemble test and deliver a full power CLIC klystron modulator!
Ready to scientifically and technically COLLABORATE with CERN
Already requesting third party funding (Fond National Suisse) – Good chances for succeeding!
Limited amount of money spent in Switzerland…
CLIC klystron modulators R&D strategy proposal

10. CLIC klystron modulators R&D strategy proposal
R&D partners
Proposed & qualified partner
LAVAL University, Canada
Expertises in pulsed transformers & general magnetic devices (Prof. Viarouge) and in long pulse klystron modulators (Prof. Martins, ex CERN)
Ready to scientifically and technically COLLABORATE with CERN (small collaborations already worked effectively)
Already requesting third party funding (CFI)
Low cost R&D, most of material will be purchased in Europe.
CLIC klystron modulators R&D strategy proposal

11. CLIC klystron modulators R&D strategy proposal
R&D partners
Proposed & qualified partner
SLAC, USA
Experienced team has completed an ILC demonstrator following ~10years R&D, now available for CLIC studies
R&D based on oil-free, transformer-free, marx topology
Lower R&D risk due to previous experience
Will permit CERN to validate SLAC technology
Design would be licensed for CERN use
As a complementary activity, ABT seeking collaboration with same team to work on kickers
CLIC klystron modulators R&D strategy proposal

12. CLIC klystron modulators R&D strategy proposal
R&D partners
Proposed & qualified partner
Nottingham, UK
Experienced Laboratory on modular active front ends (Leading institution for the universal and flexible power management - UNIFLEX-PM European project)
Ready to scientifically and technically COLLABORATE with CERN
Third part funding available
Ready to collaborate with other partners in CLIC studies (something required for their part of work)
CLIC klystron modulators R&D strategy proposal

13. CLIC klystron modulators R&D strategy proposal
R&D partners
Each partner explores a topologically different solution
After experimental validation of different solutions CERN selects the final one
ETHZ
Parallel Modularity
LV DC Bus (1-3kV)
LAVAL
- Series Modularity
- HV DC Bus (5-20kV)
SLAC
- LV DC Bus (1-3kV)
ETHZ
MMC topology
HV AC side
LAVAL
- Modular
- LV AC side
SLAC
LV AC side
Nottingham
Modular
Considers grid layout
CERN final
topology selection
CLIC klystron modulators R&D strategy proposal

14. CLIC klystron modulators R&D strategy proposal
Proposal for ETHZ
Deliverable
1 full power modulator respecting grid and klystron specifications
Annual resources at ETHZ
Total cost: 970 kCHF
Possible 220kCHF contribution from Swiss National Fund (SNF)
All material purchased in CERN member states
2012
2013
2014
2015
Total
FTE 2
2.4
2.6
1.4
8.4
P+M cost [CHF]
140k
280k
350k
200k
970k
CLIC klystron modulators R&D strategy proposal

15. Proposal for LAVAL Deliverable Annual resources at LAVAL
1 full power PFS (transformer + active bouncer + switch)
Reduced power capacitor charger (>2 full power modules)
Complete design ‘ready to build’ of modulator
Annual resources at LAVAL
Total cost: 400 kCHF
Assumes 100kCHF contribution from Canada Foundation for Innovation – FCI
Material purchased in CERN member states
2012
2013
2014
2015
Total
FTE 2 8
P+M cost [CHF]
50k
125k
150k
75k
400k

16. CLIC klystron modulators R&D strategy proposal
Proposal for SLAC
Deliverable
Reduced power marx modulator
Full controls and evaluation of performance
Full power modulator to CLIC DB specification
Annual resources at SLAC
Total cost: 475kCHF + (1800kCHF)
Need CERN/CLIC to negotiate cost of SLAC manpower
2012
2013
2014
2015
Total
FTE
0.5
0.3 +2 1
5.5
P cost [CHF]
150k
200k+300k
100k + 600k
300k
450k / 1.65M
M cost [CHF]
25k + 300k
25k / 625k
CLIC klystron modulators R&D strategy proposal

17. Proposal for Nottingham
Deliverable
AC network study
Annual resources at Nottingham
Total cost: 200kCHF
University of Nottingham could participate at 50%!!!
2012
2013
2014
2015
Total
FTE
0.5 1
3.0
P+M cost [CHF]
25k
60k
80k
35k
400k
CLIC klystron modulators R&D strategy proposal

18. Collaboration overview
Risk that external funding applications are unsuccessful
Consequent increase in budget and collaboration amount
Collaboration
(A)
[kCHF]
External
Funds (B)
Total
(A+B)
ETHZ (CH)
750
220
970
LAVAL (CA)
400
100
500
SLAC (US)
475
Nottingham (UK)
200
Totals
1825
420
2145

19. Collaboration Strategy
ETHZ
Phase 1 & 2:
delivery of full power modulator in 2015
SLAC
Phase1:
delivery of reduced power demonstrator in 2013
LAVAL
delivery of reduced power demonstrator in 2015
Nottingham
delivery of reduced power demonstrator in 2014

20. Collaboration Strategy
Following development phase from SLAC, LAVAL and Nottingham
Phase 2:
Choose technical solution from either LAVAL(a) or Nottingham+LAVAL(b) or LAVAL+SLAC(c) or Nottingham+SLAC(d) depending on technical success
Preference for (a) or (b) due to SLAC manpower costs…

21. CERN Resources & Finances
Budget of 3.7MCHF requested from CLIC
2.15MCHF would be committed on proposed collaborations
1.55MCHF for completion of 2nd full power modulator, infrastructure, travel and further studies (measurement, etc)
Without Fellows (paid from separate budget)
Includes provision for PJAS/UPAS collaborators
Additional finance required if SLAC full power strategy is pursued
EPC Resources estimated from
6.7 FTE STAFF
9 FTE Fellows
Up to 9 FTE PJAS/UPAS visitors
CLIC klystron modulators R&D strategy proposal

22. Tentative Schedule Preparation of contracts ETHZ LAVAL SLAC Nottingham
Letter of intent now (Ph.D. starts in may)
Finance Committee in June.
LAVAL
We can start now (2 Ph.D. started), no FC.
SLAC
Finance committee in June or September… Issue of manpower cost…
MoU in July or Oct
Nottingham
We start now (no FC).

23. End