1. Tectonics and Stratigraphy

2. 7 Major Plates African Plate, covering Africa - Continental plate
Antarctic Plate, covering Antarctica - Continental plate
Australian Plate, covering Australia (fused with Indian Plate between 50 and 55 million years ago) - Continental plate
Eurasian Plate covering Asia and Europe - Continental plate
North American Plate covering North America and north-east Siberia - Continental plate
South American Plate covering South America - Continental plate
Pacific Plate, covering the Pacific Ocean - Oceanic plate

3. What Drives Tectonics?
Convection
Definition : The cycle of movement in the asthenosphere that causes the plates of the lithosphere to move. Heated material in the asthenosphere becomes less dense and rises toward the solid lithosphere, through which it cannot rise further. It therefore begins to move horizontally, dragging the lithosphere along with it and pushing forward the cooler, denser material in its path. The cooler material eventually sinks down lower into the mantle, becoming heated there and rising up again, continuing the cycle. See also plate tectonics.

4. Types Of Boundaries Divergent - rift valleys Convergent
-ocean to ocean
- ocean to continental
- continental to continental

5. Focus On!!!
Convergent
Where?
- The Himalayas

6. Himalayas Indian Plate collides with the Eurasian
Pictures shows the migration of India from around 71mya to 10mya

7. Broken into Sections Quaternary -upper - middle -Lower Paleozoic
Precambrian
Tertiary Leucogranite

8. Top to Bottom

9. Quaternary Age form .1 ma to .8 ma Consists of alluvial sediments
-Alluvial sediments- clay or slit or gravel carried by rushing streams and deposited where the stream slows down

10. Upper, Middle and Lower
Range from the Tertiary down to the Triassic 1.8 to 243 ma
Consists Siwalik Formation
Which the Upper, Middle, and Lower are composed of sandstone and shale

11. Paleozoic Upper part 248-443 may Consists of mainly Limestone and Marl
*Marl-calcium carbonate or lime-rich muds or mudstones which contain variable amounts of clays and calcite or aragonite.

12. Paleozoic Lower Part 443-548ma Consists of Phyllite and Quartzite
*Phyllite- is a type of foliated metamorphic rock primarily composed of quarts, sericite mica, and chlorite; the rock represents a gradiation in the degree of metamorphism between slate and mica schist.

13. Precambrian
Upper ma
Consists of Phyllite and Quartzite

14. Precambrian Lower 1200-2500 ma Consists of Gneiss and Migmatite
*Migmatite- form under extreme pressure b/w igneous and metamorphism

16. Cited Work and References
Websites
U.S. Geological Survey Special Publication:
wc.pima.edu/.../setting/geology_platetec.htm
gpc.edu/~pgore/Earth&Space/GPS/platetect.html: Pamela J.W. Gore Georgia Perimeter College

17. Con’t
Kious, W.J., and Tilling, R.I., 1996, THIS DYNAMIC EARTH--THE STORY OF PLATE TECTONICS: U.S. Geological Survey Special Publication, 77 p
Courtillot, Vincent and Vink, G.E., 1983, HOW CONTINENTS BREAK UP: Scientific American, v. 249, no. 1, pp
Bird, J.M., ed., 1980, PLATE TECTONICS (revised ed.): Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, 986 p.